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NREL CA Solar Benefits CSP Technology Assessment 2.2 Commercial Status of Technologies The largest group of solar systems in the world is the Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) I through IX parabolic trough plants in the Mohave Desert in southern California. The SEGS plants were built between 1985 and 1991 and have a total capacity of 354 MW. These plants have generally performed well over their 15 to 20 years of operation. There are several other commercial trough projects in the planning or active project development stage, including a 64 MW plant in Nevada and several 50 MW plants in Spain. Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Systems (ISCCS) are in various stages of planning in southern California, India, Egypt, Morocco, Mexico, and Algeria. A 1 MW trough plant was recently constructed for Arizona Public Service (APS), and is currently in startup. There are no operating commercial dish-Stirling power plants. Recently, installation was completed on a six dish test deployment at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) in Albuquerque. This development is under a joint agreement between Stirling Engine Systems (SES) (Phoenix) and SNL. On August 2, 2005, Southern California Edison publicly announced the completion of negotiations on a 20-year power purchase agreement with SES for between 500 to 850 MW of capacity (producing 1,182 to 2,010 GWh per year) using parabolic dish units. On September 7, 2005, SES announced a contract with San Diego Gas & Electric to provide between 300 and 900 MW of solar power using the dish technology. Pricing for these power purchase agreements remains confidential. These large deployments of dish Stirling systems are expected to drastically reduce capital and O&M costs and to result in increased system reliability. There are no commercial power tower plants in operation. The 10 MW Solar One plant near Barstow, California, operated from 1982 to 1988 and produced over 38 GWh of electricity. Solar One generated steam directly in the receiver. To implement improved heat transfer and thermal storage, the plant was retrofitted with a receiver, storage system, and steam generator using a molten salt heat transfer fluid. The retrofitted plant, named Solar Two, operated from 1998 to 1999. In addition to Solar One and Solar Two, experimental and prototype systems have operated in Spain, France, and Israel. Abengoa in Spain has announced an 11 MW project called PS 10. ESKOM, the state-owned utility in South Africa, is considering a 100 MW molten-salt plant. A 17 MW molten salt plant in Spain, Solar Tres, was planned by Ghersa, Boeing, and Nexant. However, execution of this project appears to be unlikely at this time. CPV systems are being offered by Amonix, Inc., a US manufacturer, and Solar Systems Pty, Ltd, an Australian firm. These systems are offered in 25-35 kW sizes. There are 547 kW of Amonix systems deployed at APS. Planned deployments in the near future include 10 to 20 MW in Spain. Ten Solar Systems dish PV systems have been deployed since 2003, for a total capacity of 220 kW, with the construction of an April 21, 2006 2-3PDF Image | Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California
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