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Cost of Energy and NREL CA Solar Benefits Value of Dispatchability Renewable energy generators generally fall into two categories: firm and as- available. As-available resources are resources such as wind or CSP without storage that are not controlled by the generator, while firm resources can control when they generate. PG&E lists four energy “products” allowed to bid into their 2005 renewable RFO: as- available, baseload, peaking, and dispatchable. Peaking resources must have at least a 95 percent capacity factor during the peak summer hours16, while baseload resources have 24x7 profiles. Dispatchable resources must be available on a day-ahead schedule. The trend in the renewable energy industry is toward a single all-in energy payment, with no separate capacity payments.17. In the past, firm resources would receive capacity payments as well as energy payments. The lack of capacity payments makes it more difficult to assign a dollar value to a firm resource versus an as available resource, especially if both of those resources have similar time of delivery (TOD) profiles. The MPR methodology for assigning value to energy is based on the generator’s TOD profile, with multipliers for various time periods. For example, a plant that ran only during peak hours would have an MPR price of $110/MWh, based on SCE’s TOD factor of 1.425 applied to the 2007 MPR ($77.24/MWh) The MPR prices for a CSP plant with 6 hours of storage and a CSP plant without storage were determined by applying the TOD multipliers to Excelergy’s production profile. Surprisingly, both CSP plants have approximately the same MPR energy value of about $87/MWh.18 Examination of the generation profile data show that, while the plant with storage generates more higher-value energy during peak hours, it also generates more lesser-value energy during non-peak hours. Although there is no separate capacity credit that can be assigned to the CSP plant with storage, it clearly has more value to the utility than an “as available” CSP plant without storage, despite their similar MPR prices. The plant with storage qualifies as a firm “peaking” resource under PG&E’s rules,19 generating firm power during peak summer hours. PG&E explicitly states a preference for peaking resources in its 2005 RFO, as it rates peaking resources as a “high” need and as-available as a “low.” Future MPR methodologies may return to including assigning explicit capacity value, which allow solar thermal with storage to receive a more explicit capacity credit. 16 Noon to 8PM, PDT, June through September. 17 PG&E, SCE, SDG&E, SMUD and LADWP all have a single all-in payment structure for renewable energy, and the MPR no longer contains a peaking unit. Other IOUs are also moving to all-in payments. 18 This value is using the 2005 MPR and SCE's TOD multipliers. PG&E’s and SDG&E’s multipliers are similar. 19 Excelergy modeling shows that 6 hours of storage is needed to ensure 95 percent availability during peak times. April 21, 2006 6-6PDF Image | Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California
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