PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 047
NREL CA Solar Benefits Environmental and Hedging Benefits Proxy Fossil Plant Emissions Rate CSP Plant Capacity 2,100 MW (tons/year) 156 95 54 4,000,000 Table 7-1 Emissions Reduction by CSP Plants Pollutant NOx CO VOC CO2 7.2 lb/MMBtu 0.006 0.004 0.002 154 Parts per million 2 4 1.4 100 MW (tons/year) 7.4 4.5 2.6 191,000 4,000 MW (tons/year) 297 181 103 7,600,000 Notes: 1. Proxy Fossil Plant assumed to be a combined cycle combustion turbine with a heat rate of 7,000 Btu/kWh. 2. CSP plants assumed to operate at 40 percent capacity factor. Hedging Impact of CSP on Natural Gas Prices The installation of renewable energy power generation that does not use fossil fuels has the potential to provide a natural hedge against fossil fuel price increases. Generally, renewable energy generators, particularly CSP that serves peak demand, offset the use of natural gas fueled generators. Therefore, this section focuses on the analysis of CSP as a hedge against natural gas price increases. An overview of the consumption and price of natural gas in the US and California is provided first. The two primary hedging effects are then analyzed: the potential decline in prices and volatility from decreased demand, and the hedging effect that the installation of CSP has on the generation portfolio. 7.2.1 Natural Gas Use in the United States Natural gas is a primary fuel for the US residential, commercial, industrial, and power generation sectors. Figure 7-1 shows the growth in overall natural gas demand since 1990. Gas consumption for power generation is a major part of the growth, accounting for 5,721 trillion Btu (TBtu) in 2002 compared with 3,342 TBtu in 1990, a 70 percent increase. Demand growth is expected in all sectors, but demand from electricity generators is expected to grow the fastest, increasing 90 percent by 2025. Various reports project demand to increase to 28 to 31 TCF per year by 2025. April 21, 2006 7-2PDF Image | Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California
PDF Search Title:
Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in CaliforniaOriginal File Name Searched:
39291.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)