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NREL CA Solar Benefits Environmental and Hedging Benefits Natural gas fueled power generation provides the largest share of electricity in California - over 40 percent. The natural gas fueled generation fleet consists of older steam thermal electric units, combined cycle combustion turbines, and simple cycle combustion turbines. Depending upon which utilities purchase the output from new CSP plants, the deployment of CSP could off-set the construction of new combined cycle and simple cycle plants or the use of older less-efficient steam thermal units. Hydroelectricity is also an important element of California’s energy portfolio. Between 1983 and 2002, in-state hydropower provided an annual average of approximately 37,000 GWh, or 15 percent, of the electricity used in California. During this same period, hydroelectric generation ranged from 9 percent to 30 percent of total state electricity sales, depending on hydrologic conditions. Hydropower’s important energy attributes include peaking reserve capacity, spinning reserve capacity, load following capacity, transmission support, and extremely low production costs. Due to the seasonal and annual variation in hydrologic cycles, hydroelectric production varies widely from year to year. Figure 7-6 shows the annual variation in capacity factor for hydroelectric plants in the US. When precipitation runoff is bountiful, hydroelectric generation is used and other generating plants, mostly gas-fired facilities, are idled. When hydroelectric energy generation is low, intermediate and peaking generating plants make up the difference. 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Figure 7-6 Annual Variation in Renewable Energy Project Capacity Factors Source: EIA, REA 2002 Biomass Source: EIA, REA 200 Geothermal Hydro Wind Solar April 21, 2006 7-8PDF Image | Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California
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