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NREL CA Solar Benefits Appendix A Appendix A Technology Assessment This CSP technology assessment was aimed at characterizing the CSP technologies for the economic impact assessment tasks. Performance, commercial readiness, cost, reliability, and technical risk have been characterized. are discussed in this section. • Parabolic trough without storage or hybrid fossil. • Parabolic trough with storage. • Parabolic trough with hybrid fossil. • Parabolic dish. Six technologies • Power tower. • Concentrating photovoltaic (CPV). Concentrating solar thermal power plants produce electric power by converting the sun’s energy into high temperature heat using various mirror or lens configurations. For solar thermal systems (trough, dish-Stirling, power tower), the heat is transferred to a turbine or engine for power generation. Thermal plants consist of two major subsystems: one that collects solar energy and converts it to heat, and another that converts heat energy to electricity. CPV plants provide power by focusing solar radiation onto a photovoltaic (PV) module, which converts the radiation directly to electricity. Either mirrors or lenses can be used to concentrate the solar energy for a CPV system. All CSP systems make use of the direct normal component of solar radiation, that is, the radiation that comes directly from the sun. Concentrating systems are unable to use global radiation, which is reflected radiation. Global radiation is present on sunny days and on cloudy days. Direct normal insolation (DNI) is available only on sunny days. Concentration of DNI allows a solar system to achieve a high working fluid temperature, or, in the case of CPV, allows expenditure for higher efficiency CPV cells since the cell area is small compared with the collector (mirror or lens) area. The need to focus DNI requires that collector systems track the sun. Parabolic trough systems use single-axis trackers to focus radiation onto a linear receiver. Dish-Stirling and power tower systems use two-axis trackers. The CPV systems discussed in this report use two axis tracking to achieve point focus images on PV cells. Single axis, line focus CPV systems have been built, but do not appear to have the long term commercial potential that the two axis tracking CPV systems have. April 21, 2006 A-2PDF Image | Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California
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