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NREL CA Solar Benefits Appendix A Water requirements depend on the design and configuration of the trough system. If wet cooling is used, water consumption is about 2.8 m3/MWh, similar to conventional steam plants; in addition, about 0.14 m3/MWh of water is needed for washing the solar field. Dry cooling reduces water consumption drastically, but also reduces performance and increases cost. Siting requirements for a parabolic trough system include level land, with less than 1 percent slope desirable. Solar fields are typically graded in two or more terraces for a full plant. The cost for grading is a small portion of the total cost (for relatively flat sites). A.2 Parabolic Dish-Engine Systems A solar parabolic dish-engine system comprises a solar concentrator (or “parabolic dish”) and the power conversion unit (PCU). The concentrator consists of mirror facets which form a parabolic dish, which redirects DNI to a receiver mounted on a boom at the dish’s focal point. The system uses a two-axis tracker such that it points at the sun continuously. A parabolic dish-engine system using an efficient Stirling engine is shown on Figure A-4. The PCU includes the thermal receiver and the engine-generator. In the solar receiver, radiant solar energy is converted to heat in a closed hydrogen loop. The heated hydrogen drives the Stirling engine-generator. Because the PCUs are air cooled, there is no cooling water requirement as is necessary for the large, central power blocks associated with trough and power tower technologies. Thermal storage is not currently considered to be a viable option for dish-Stirling systems. Figure A-4 Dish-Stirling System (Source: NREL) April 21, 2006 A-7PDF Image | Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California
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