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system consists of parts from standard 350 ton air-conditioning equipment and was first introduced in the PureCycle 200 in 2004 (Brasz, et. al., 2005). Figure 1: Installed ORC Power Generator A completed ORC installation requires more than just the unit itself. The ORC unit interface items include, but are not limited to, inlet and outlet flanges, power terminals in the switch gear panel and parallel breaker, signal terminals in the control panel, and a concrete supporting plate. Most of these systems are modular and skid-mounted, about 20 to 40 feet in length depending on system rating. A typical ORC package will come with the following items: drawings, wiring schemes, turbo-generator, organic working fluid, computer interface, installation supervision, technician instruction courses, and manuals. The customer will also need to provide the following: local grid connection devices, transformers, grid protections, adequate ventilation for the ORC, packaging, transport, necessary unloading and positioning equipment for the ORC, and permitting, to name a few. Maintenance and operating costs are said to be reduced, as compared to a similar sized fossil-fuel generator, mostly due to the limited moving components in the system and the lower operating pressures. In fact, these costs tend to be only a fraction of comparable fossil-fuel generators. This is a result of the organic Rankine cycle systems operating at lower speeds, being closed loop, and having few moving parts. The skid mounted, packaged units make for easier installation and operation. Maintenance activities are rather similar to standard industrial equipment maintenance: replace filters, maintain oil, lubricate parts, and recharge working fluid. The additional benefit to the organic Rankine cycle is that the lower operating pressure generally eliminates the need for an operator to monitor the unit. Most units come with computerized remotely monitored control units (Energy Services, Aug 2009). Available Products Much of the work on ORCs involves modeling behavior and optimization. Unfortunately, the end-user must select from a limited array of products and fluids. This is a developing field with many innovations in the pipeline – however many companies are trying to deliver commercially ready products. In the following tables, various manufactures will be listed as well common fluids for various applications. ©2011 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry 5-17PDF Image | Economic Implementation of the Organic Rankine Cycle in Industry
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