PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 007
net savings will be 1 950 Thousand SEK. This indicates a straight pay back time of 4 years (grants included) or 5, 5 years (grants excluded). 8. ENVIRONMENT AL ISSUES The environmental evaluation is based on the following technical properties of the system: • The heat carrier between the BTES and the local district heating consists of water in closed loop that has no physical contact to other flowing media in system except the ground water in the bedrock. • The water will have no additives and will consist of local tap water. • The flow will be regulated by one or several frequency controlled circulation pumps. The pressure will be low, approx. 2 bar as a maximum. • The rock around the boreholes will be heated up to maximum +70oC. The highest temperatures will occur close to each one of the boreholes. The highest average temperature of rock mass will be +60oC fully charged, and +40oC as lowest when fully discharged. During construction a temporary lowering of the ground water in the rock is expected. However, the rock has a low permeability and the disturbance will therefore be limited to a narrow area. The tap water used as heat carrier is oxidized and may to some extent mix with a slightly reduced ground water that occurs in fractured part of the rock. If so, iron and manganese in solution may precipitate in the fissures and clog these. However, the amount of precipitates is estimated to be very low, but on a very long term, the permeability of the rock may be locally decreased. The type of borehole heat exchanger used will allow hot water to have direct contact with the borehole walls. In theory, some of the minerals would get into solution in the water. However, results from IEA research on this subject clearly indicate that the risk for such processes is very low with actual types of rocks and temperatures (Snijders 1995). The IEA research also shows that an increase of temperature up to +70oC will kill all bacteria in the centre of the storage. Along the sides with temperatures of +45oC and less, the micro fauna will adopt with new species of mainly iron-, sulphur-, methane-, and nitrogen bacteria. However, an increased temperature will not lead to an increased growth of bacteria since growth is mainly controlled by an increased access to nutrients, such as organic coal. It shall also be considered that the natural bacteria fauna will be return back to normal once the storage is shut down and the rock is slowly recovered to ambient temperature. Heat that is stored in the rock mass can be transported away with the flow of ground water. The two investigation holes suggest that there are a couple of fracture zones that in theory may displace some of the heat being stored. However, based on the fact that the ground water gradient is very small (approx. 1/100), and that the hydraulic conductivity of the bedrock is low (10-6 m/s), no spreading of heat is expected. (In theory the flow of ground water is less than 0, 5 m/year). The calculated losses from the storage is 1 200 MWh annually. This heat will mainly reach the surface at storage area, approx. 5 000 m2. Theoretically estimated the heat losses at surface will be in the order of 30 W/m2. This is about 500 times more than the natural heat flux from thePDF Image | Efficient usage of waste heat by applying a seasonal energy storage (BTES) at ITT Water & Wastewater AB, Emmaboda, Sweden
PDF Search Title:
Efficient usage of waste heat by applying a seasonal energy storage (BTES) at ITT Water & Wastewater AB, Emmaboda, SwedenOriginal File Name Searched:
101.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)