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Gowreesunker et al. Renewable Bioresources 2014, http://www.hoajonline.com/journals/pdf/2052-6237-2-4.pdf doi: 10.7243/2052-6237-2-4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35 6 18 0.3 5 4.5 11 Scenario 1 Scenario 4 9 22 -0.2 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Year 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 2 1 0 Gas.CHP- Elec HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP+ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Heat Reci.Eng.CHP-Elec Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP+LG.ORC-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP-Heat -1 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 10 Year Gas.CHP-Heat HG.ORC-Heat Gas.CHP- Elec HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP+ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Heat Reci.Eng.CHP-Elec Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP+LG.ORC-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP-Heat Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Heat Figure 6. Energy generation potential according to Scenario 1. Gas.CHP-Heat HG.ORC-Heat Scenario 2 The negative electricity values obtained for the Steam Engine CHP when employed in combination with an AD system are due to the fact that the electricity produced by the CHP is lower than the electricity consumed by the AD system. Hence, for this particular combination of system, additional electricity will have to be purchased in order to run the overall system. In most scenarios, the balance of waste between the waste increase from manure/slurry and the reduction in food chain waste due to the Courtauld Commitment (refer to Figure 5) causes an overall reduction in the aggregated heat and electricity generated over time. However, scenario 3 which assumes a relatively higher increase in manure/slurry compared to food wastes, show an increase in both the heat and electricity generated for all systems from 2010 to 2030. A similar situation is observed from scenario 4, where the rate of reduction in energy generated increases after 2030 due to stagnating effects of the increase in manure/slurry, as opposed to the reduction in food wastes. Figures 6-9 show that the energy potential of AD systems is dependent on the energy conversion technology and the amount of waste/ biogas produced from the food chain. The progressive scenario shown in Figure 10 shows the energy generation potential of AD if its implementation is linear from scenario 1 in 2010 to scenario 4 in 2050. The detailed energy results are tabulated in Table 2. If the implementation of AD varies according to scenario 5, i.e., starting from the current level of adoption to all food- chain wastes being processed by AD systems in 2050, the trends are expected to vary according to Figure 10 and Table 2. All technologies produce more heat than electricity, and the relative increase in total power generated of all technologies is approximately 4500%, from 2010 to 2050. The H.G ORC is able to generate the highest possible power in 2050, relative to the other technologies, however the majority of the energy is in the form of heat as shown in Table 2. Conversely, the Steam CHP with LG ORC generates the lowest power in 2050, where all the power is electricity. It is also observed that the 410 3.5 9 3 2.5 8 27 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Year 2035 2040 2045 2050 6 5 4 Gas.CHP- Elec HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP+ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Heat Reci.Eng.CHP-Elec Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Elec Gas.CHP-Heat HG.ORC-Heat Steam.CHP-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP+LG.ORC-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP-Heat Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Heat Figure 7. Energy generation potential according to Scenario 2. Scenario 3 87 20 0.25 4 16 0.23 14 12 Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Heat Figure 9. Energy generation potential according to Scenario 4. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Year 2035 2040 2045 2050 20 18 16 14 12 10 86 4 2 0 Gas.CHP- Elec HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP+ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Heat Reci.Eng.CHP-Elec Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Elec Gas.CHP-Heat HG.ORC-Heat Steam.CHP-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP+LG.ORC-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP-Heat Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Heat Figure 8. Energy generation potential according to Scenario 3. the relative heat generated by the systems is higher than the electricity generated. 5 Net Electricity Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Electricity Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Electricity Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Heat Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Heat Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Heat Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Electricity Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Heat Generated (MWh/Yr)PDF Image | Energy generation potential of anaerobic digestion from the food and farming wastes of the UK food chain
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