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Gowreesunker et al. Renewable Bioresources 2014, http://www.hoajonline.com/journals/pdf/2052-6237-2-4.pdf Progressive Scenario 5 9 87 6 5 4 3 2 15 0 doi: 10.7243/2052-6237-2-4 projected product mix. The paper showed that the power generation potential of food chain wastes is relative to the amount of biogas generated from waste and the respective technology employed. Different scenarios were investigated based on the amount of waste sent to AD systems. The higher implementation of AD increases production of biogas and therefore power generated, but the relative increase in power generated depends on the individual technologies. Furthermore, for the same scenario, the reduction in food wastes has a dominating influence on the overall trend of biogas production, relative to the increase of manure waste. Regarding the technologies; employing a system consisting of HG ORC using all food-chain wastes generated in the UK food chain, generates the highest power in 2050, with a relative increase of 4500% compared to the current use of AD with the same technology. It was also observed that the addition of ORC with conventional CHP systems is beneficial for electricity generation, but with a reduction in heat produced. The trends in this paper are aimed to be illustrative rather than predictive, and a more complete evaluation of the performance of these technologies should also consider costs and greenhouse gas emissions, which will be the focus of further studies. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. -1 2010 2015 2020 Gas.CHP- Elec HG.ORC-Elec Steam.CHP+ORC-Elec Steam.CHP-Heat 15 10 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 0 Year Reci.Eng.CHP-Elec Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Elec Gas.CHP-Heat HG.ORC-Heat Steam.CHP-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP+LG.ORC-Elec Reci.Eng.CHP-Heat Gas.CHP+HG.ORC-Heat Figure 10. Energy generation potential according to the Progressive Scenario 5. Table 2. Energy generation potential with progressive scenario 5. Progressive scenario 5 25 20 Technology Gas CHP Reci.CHP Steam CHP H.G ORC Gas CHP+HG ORC Steam CHP+LG ORC Heat generated (MWh) 2010 2050 Total energy generates Electricity generated (MWh) (MWh) 2010 2050 2010 2050 0.39 18.13 0.39 18.13 0.33 15.13 0.52 23.99 0.17 7.96 0.04 1.77 0.31 14.28 0.24 11.30 0.33 15.45 0.44 20.11 0.00 0.00 0.17 7.96 0.00 0.00 0.04 1.77 Authors’ contributions Authors’ contributions Research concept and design Collection and/or assembly of data Data analysis and interpretation Writing the article Critical revision of the article Final approval of article Statistical analysis BLG SAT ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ 0.08 3.85 0.15 6.83 -0.01 -0.31 0.08 3.88 addition of ORC to the CHP systems results in a reduction of the total power generated, with however a relative increase in the electricity generated compared to the CHP systems without ORC. Furthermore, adding the ORC to the Steam Engine CHP actually generates electricity, as opposed to only consuming electricity, as in the case of the Steam Engine CHP only. Hence, the main impact of the ORC system is to divert a portion of the energy content of the biogas from generating heat to generating electricity. Hence, based only on the energetic analysis of the power generation potential of the different technologies, the choice of a specific technology depends on the type of energy (heat or electricity) required by the economy. Conclusions Food-chain waste is split into i) food waste generated by the food chain and ii) manure/slurry produced during primary production processes in farming. The future trends for food waste are determined according to the Courtauld Commitment, whilst the amount of manure/slurry produced in the UK economy is determined according to population growth and Acknowledgement and funding The authors would like to acknowledge the funding received from RCUK for the establishment of the National Centre for Sustainable Energy Use in Food Chains (grant no. EP/K011820/1), as well as contributions made by industry partners and other stakeholders in the Centre. Publication history EIC: Kau-Fui Vincent Wong, University of Miami, USA. Received: 27-Sep-2014 Final Revised: 20-Oct-2014 Accepted: 25-Oct-2014 Published: 31-Oct-2014 References 1. Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO). Energy-smart food for people and climate. Issue paper. © FAO 2011. | Pdf 2. Tukker A and Jansen B. Environment impacts of products-A detailed review of studies. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2006; 10:159–182. | Article 3. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs–DEFRA Food Statistics Pocketbook. 2013. | Book 4. Department of Energy and Climate Change. 2012 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Final Figures. Statistical Release. 2014. | Website 6 Net Electricity Generated (MWh/Yr) Net Heat Generated (MWh/Yr)PDF Image | Energy generation potential of anaerobic digestion from the food and farming wastes of the UK food chain
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