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Summary Biomass is used in Europe as a renewable energy source for its reduction of greenhouse gas emission, the replacement of fossil fuels as well as the creation of (mostly agricultural) employment. Because bioenergy is usually not cost competitive with fossil fuels, the European Union promotes the use of biomass through their renewable energy policies, e.g. the Renewable Energy Directive. Most Member States have implemented support schemes ranging from obligations to subsidies, to increase the production of bioenergy. Most of these support schemes focus on the amount of energy produced and do not take into account the amount of biomass used for energy production. In other words the conversion efficiency (or resource efficiency) of biomass is not an issue in these support schemes. Growing awareness of resource scarcity, fossil as well as biomass, and concern about bioenergy sustainability in particular, have increased attention for the end-conversion efficiency of bioenergy installations. For that reason, the DG TREN has commissioned to execute a project with the objectives: • Give a comprehensive overview of currently best available technologies (BAT) for biomass heating, cooling and electricity provision from solid and gaseous biomass which could be used by the EU to select specific bioenergy technologies; • Identify and evaluate policy options for promoting best available technologies, including options for legislative provisions as part of a biomass sustainability scheme. A wide range of applications of biomass for energy purposes exists, depending on type of technology, type of energy produced, feedstock used and consumer groups. Each of these combinations (BTC’s – Biomass Technology Combinations) has its own typical end-conversion efficiency. Possibilities to improve the end-conversion efficiency of the different BTC’s vary (depending for example on maturity of technology, scale impact or type of energy produced). Ecofys Netherlands has assessed the bioenergy end- conversion efficiency of solid and gaseous biomass for heat and electricity production, and the possibilities for improvement. In this study, Ecofys also provides recommendations for policy measures to stimulate these possibilities. Table 1 gives an overview of the main findings of this study. It shows the main biomass technology combinations, their typical end-conversion efficiency range and possible efficiency improvements. Also included in the last column are possible policy options to stimulate the efficiency improvements mentioned. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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