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Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production

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Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production ( evaluation-improvements-end-conversion-efficiency-bioenergy- )

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Table 1: Summary of main characteristics of BTC’s Biomass Technology Combination Main countries of application Typical efficiency Efficiency improvements Possible policy options Residential heating SE, FI, DK, DE, IT, AT 20 – 90 % thermal - Heat distribution improvement; - Air excess reduction (control); - Market penetration - Labelling - Minimum efficiency Standard - Investment Subsidy Large-scale power and CHP FI, DK, SE, EE, LV, LT, AT 10 – 30 % electrical - Large scale; heat utilization; - Improved heat recovery by ORC/ flue gas condenser - Bonus system for efficiency improvement - Minimum Efficiency Standard Co-firing DE, FI, UK, NL 35 – 43 % electric - Heat utilization - (Improve impact: increase market penetration) - No specific efficiency related policies - Efficiency already high, possibilities for stimulating co- firing in general Waste incineration DE, NL, DK, SE, LU 15 – 30 % electrical - Higher steam pressures; - Corrosion resistant materials; - Heat utilization - Bonus system for efficiency improvement Power plant ORC AT, DE 6 – 20% electrical - Autonomous improvement of this new technology - Bonus system for efficiency improvement - Minimum Efficiency Standard District heating SE, FI, DK, EE, LV, AT 80 – 90% thermal - Improved heat recovery e.g. flue gas condensation; - Boiler efficiency improvements - Minimum Efficiency Standard - Investment Subsidy Manure (co-) digestion DE, DK, AT, NL, IT, PT, HU not relevant (motor:38– 42% electrical) - Heat utilization; - Avoid small scale gas engines - Bonus system for efficiency improvement Diesel engines on vegetable oils IT, DE 40 – 48% electric - Heat utilization; - Avoid small scale diesel engines - Bonus system for efficiency improvement - Minimum Efficiency Standard EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION 5

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