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systems. These conversion systems are evaluated on their commercial maturity. Only conversion systems regarded mature are selected; immature conversion technologies are omitted in the remaining evaluation in this report. The next sections 2.2 to 2.9 discuss the selected conversion systems. Each of these sections deals with a single conversion technology and is arranged in an identical sub- sections dealing with: (1) a description of the technology, (2) The current commercial application of the conversion system in Europe and (3) efficiencies and opportunities for efficiency improvement. In the final section 2.10, conclusions of the previous sections and a comparative table are given. Task 2: Reference system for energy efficiency In Chapter 3 an unambiguous reference system for comparing efficiencies has been developed, based on the existing CHP-directive. After the introductory section 3.1, factors influencing the end-use efficiency of biomass conversion systems are discussed in section 3.2. These factors include among others the age of an installation (section 3.2.2) and the climate (section 3.2.3). In section 3.3 the system is exemplified. Task 3: Assessment conversion efficiencies regarding feedstock In Chapter 4 the influence of feedstock on the end-use efficiency is discussed. Section 4.2 deals with general issues that are important for every biomass conversion technology. Section 4.3 covers technology-specific feedstock issues for all of the selected conversion technologies. The results are summarized in a table in the final section 4.4. Since feedstock has a strong influence on conversion technologies, some issues were already addressed in Chapter 2 (Task 1). When relevant, cross-references are made in this chapter. Task 4: Evaluation of policy options Chapter 5 evaluates possible policy options to stimulate improvements in end- conversion efficiency. First a short overview is provided of current policies on efficiency improvement in general and end-conversion efficiency of biomass systems specific. Possible policy options and ways to include end-conversion efficiency are described in the sections 5.2 and 5.3. Section 5.4 analyses the effectiveness, efficiency and consistency of the various policy options available for the different biomass conversion technologies. For the most interesting options an impact assessment is performed in section 5.5, resulting in main conclusions on suitable policy options and their impacts. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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