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consumer’s price of wood pellets is volatile throughout time and by region. Hence, the pay-back time for the investment in a wood pellet system varies significantly, making stimulation of these systems difficult. Table 7: Typical investment for replacement of existing domestic 20 kWth natural gas central heating Pellet system 1) Natural gas system 2) Equipment cost Installation cost € 3,750 € 1,000 € 2,000 Combustion unit only € 500 Additional cost (piping, storage, etc.) € 2,250 - Assumed existing natural gas infrastructure Total cost 1) Source: Atmos Pellet boiler price guide, retrieved from Entech [34]. 2) Source equipment cost: Milieucentraal, Netherlands. Installation cost: typical price in Netherlands. Table 8: Typical consumer’s price of natural gas and wood pellets Natural gas 1) 8.7 €/GJ (Latvia) 27 €/GJ (Sweden) 15 €/GJ Wood pellets 2) 11 €/GJ 16 €/GJ 12 €/GJ 1) EU27 average natural gas price for consumers, price level first semester 2008. Source: Eurostat. 2) Wood pellet market is less developed and volatile. Moreover, consumer’s prices fluctuate more than bulk prices. Variations in regions and time are significant. Reported prices are bulk prices (> 6 ton), including 100 – 200 km transport, including 10% rise for difference between bulk and consumer’s price. Minimum, maximum and average are based on 2004- 2008 bulk prices. No data available on consumer’s prices. € 7,000 € 2,500 Min Max Average EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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