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35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 0 20 40 60 80 100 Pow er output (MWe) Figure 9: Electrical efficiencies as a function of power output of a number (20) of biomass fired CHP plants in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Austria [9] Investment costs Biomass fuelled plants based on a steam cycle are highly sensitive to economies of scale. Typical investment costs are given in Table 10. The investment costs are based on a set of biomass fired CHP plants in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Austria [9,12]. These plants were built mainly in the period 1990 – 2003. The investment costs reported in different sources are scattered. This is mainly caused by the fact that it is unclear what is included in the reported capital cost of a plant. Examples are: Is land included? Is a possible heat network included? Total project cost or bare equipment cost? These uncertainties make databases in which these issues are not specified less reliable. Therefore, the indicative specific investments given in Table 10 are based on a few projects for which more detailed information is available. 36 EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION Electric efficiencyPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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