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or are strong profiles throughout the year or day present. Commonly heat utilization in industry is from this perspective favourable. The reason is that many industrial processes with significant heat demand operate continuously, while district heating is significantly reduced during warmer seasons. Biomass feedstock drying The caloric value of biomass depends on the moisture content. Figure 10 gives the approximate curve of the caloric values of woody biomass as a function of the moisture content. 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Figure 10: Influence of moisture content on gross caloric value of woody biomass (approximate values)3 The efficiency of combustion based biomass plants can consequently be improved by drying the biomass. Natural drying by means of outdoor storage of a pile of wood chips for several months can result in a decrease of moisture content from 50% (fresh wood chips) to approximately 35% (depends on climate). However, during storage the organic matter content often decreases (up to 5 wt% per month [3]) by biological processes. This results often in a decrease of the total energy content. Drying with an external heat source (heated air) is faster. However, a careful examination of the economic and energy feasibility should be performed to check whether the improvement in energy content overcomes the additional cost for investment, operation, energy, machinery hours and personnel. In most cases, forced drying is only feasible when a preheated air is available for free. An example is heat from a flue gas condenser (discussed below). The balance between the opposing effects of drying and loss of organic matter by biological degradation is determined by the size of the 3 Moisture content can be expressed on wet and on dry basis. A 1 kg piece of biomass that consists of 600 gram of dry wood and 400 gram of water has a moisture content of 40wt-% on wet basis and 400/600=66.7 wt-% on dry basis. 0 0,2 Moisture content (w t-% on w et basis) 0,4 0,6 0,8 EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION GCV (MJ/kg wet biomass)PDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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