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In addition to high-temperature corrosion issues in waste incineration, another issue plays a role in the limited steam temperatures and pressure in waste incineration plants compared to power plants. The main incentive of waste incineration is processing the waste, while the main incentive of power plants is the production of electricity. In the later case, more attention is paid to the cost price of a kWh of electricity. The price of fossil fuels is significant in the production of electricity, while the processing of waste generates income (i.e. waste has a negative price). Table 14: Characteristics of common technology electricity producing waste incineration plants in the Netherlands Parameter Common range Typical value Electrical power output [13] Steam pressure Steam temperature Gross electric efficiency Net electric efficiency 2 – 30 MWe 30 – 50 bar 360 – 420 °C 20 – 25 % 15 – 20 % 20 MWe 40 bar 400 °C 22 % 17% New waste incineration plants and expansions of existing facilities claim higher electric gross efficiencies of 26 to 30%. The development or these high efficiency plants in the Netherlands was initiated by the governmental support mechanism that was in place that time, stimulating high efficiency plants. This support mechanism showed an increased allowance per kWh produced electricity at increased electric efficiency. This allowance ranged from 0.003 €/kWh for 22 – 23% efficiency up to 0.038 €/kWh for efficiencies > 30% with intermediate steps of 2% efficiency and corresponding allowances [13]. The internal energy consumption of waste incineration plants is relatively high. On average, 22% of the electricity produced is consumed in the plant, based on a 22% gross efficiency waste incineration plant [13]. The majority of this energy is used for the extensive flue gas cleaning. The net efficiency is in that case 17%. Efficiency improvements in waste incineration plants (and steam cycle plants in general) are realized by: 1. Improvementsintheboilerefficiency 2. Improvementinthesteamcycle 3. Heatutilization EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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