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Table 19: Classification of Diesel engines Type Typical speed Typical power Typical elec. eff. Example applications Low speed Medium speed High speed 150 – 450 rpm 450 – 1000 rpm > 1000 rpm 3 – 80 MWe 0.5 – 20 MWe up to 1 MWe 48 % 45 % 40 % large ships, CHP trains, CHP automotive 58 High speed Diesel engines are common in automotive applications. Medium and low speed engines are advantageous in stationary applications using vegetable oils and animal fat. The longer residence time in these engines eliminates problems with the rather viscous fuels (compared to diesel). 2.9.2 Commercial application in Europe Throughout Europe, around 50 vegetable oil diesel engines of more than 1 MWe in CHP mode were in operation in 2006 [20]. Although exact numbers are not available, it is believed many new plants have been realized since then. Engine manufactured Wärtsilä (leading company in Europe) reports (in late 2007) the realization of a total capacity of 700 MWe in Italy only and expects an annual growth of 8% per year [23]. Italy is for this technology a leading county because of the ‘green certificate’ support system. In Table 20 are some recent projects in Europe given. No statistic data on total installed capacity in Europe is available. The total installed capacity is estimated to range between 1,000 and 2,000 MWe. This is a rough estimate, based on limited information in a growing market where data is scarce. Main engine manufactures for these applications are Wärtsilä, MAN, ABC, and SKL. Typical locations include industries, swimming pools and large buildings. Example: Monopoli liquid biofuel CHP What Where Capacity Efficiency Fuel Start-up Cost liquid bio-oils CHP plant Monopoli, Italy 24 MWe 45.3% (electric, engine) mainly palm oil 2004 Unknown Since August 2004, two 8 MWe engines are in operation. These engines have an availability of >95%. The main fuel is palm oil. A third engine was commissioned in June 2005. All engines are from manufacturer and co-initiator Wärtsilä. Exhaust gas boiler produce steam that is used in an olive oil refinery and biodiesel plant. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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