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Main countries of application Typical efficiency Efficiency improvements Order of magnitude estimate of current capacity 1) Order of magnitude estimate of maximum potential 2) electrical) 1) The estimates in this column are order or magnitude estimates and should be used as such. The basis of these estimates is the (statistical) data presented in sections 2.2 - 2.9. Since this data is inconclusive and insufficient, the data is completed with estimates to come to these numbers. 2) The potential is in some cases based on realization of the opposed energy improvement. In other cases, the potential is based on expansion of the application of the technology. The reasoning is explained in the relevant footnotes. 3) The sum of the market in the countries mentioned in Table 5 on page 9 is 2.740 kton in 2005. When assumed that the market in these leading countries covers 75% of the total market in EU27 and the market has grown in the period 2005 - 2009 with 5% per year, the current market is estimated to be around 4,500 kton wood pellets for residential heating. With a heating value of pellets of 17 GJ/ton and average full load hours of 4,000 per year, the total installed capacity is 4,500 kton/y x 17,000 GJ/kton / 4,000 h/y / 3,600 s/h = 5.3 GWth. 4) Estimate based on covering all heat energy for households by pellet fired systems. AEBIOM reports a 258 million ton oil equivalent final energy use for households in 2003 [1]. It is assumed this is the same in 2009. This corresponds with 11 EJ per year. Based on 4,000 h/y, the instaled capacity would be 11.109 GJ/y / 4,000 h/y / 3,600 s/h = 763 GWth. 5) In section 2.3.2 the electricity generation by dedicated biomass plants in Europe was estimated to be 37.5 TWhe. Based on an average availability of 8,000 h/y, the installed capacity is 37,500 GWhe / 8,000 h/y = 4.7 GWe 6) When the electric efficiency is increased from 20% to 25%. This can be achieved by different measures. Assuming a 20% average electric efficiency of all plants, the total input for the 4.7 GWe is 23.5 GW biomass. Based on a total thermal efficiency of 85%, the maximum heat to be utilized is 65% of 23.5 GW is 15 GWth. 7) In section 2.4.2 biomass co-firing in coal-fired power plants was estimated to be 9.5 TWhe in 2004. Since data on the development of co-firing lacks, the same number is used for 2009. Based on an average availability of pulverized coal plants of 8,500 h/y, this is 9,500 GWhe / 8,500 h/y = 1.2 GWe capacity. Diesel engines on vegetable oils (section 2.9) IT, DE 40 – 48% electric Heat utilization; avoid small scale diesel engines unknown unknown EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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