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44% 42% 40% 38% 36% 34% 32% 30% 28% 26% 24% 22% 20% 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Wood fuels Agricultural biomass MSW Biofuels Biodegradable waste Biogas 66 Figure 14: Harmonized efficiency reference values for the production of electricity [27] When electricity generating bioenergy plants are compared, the autonomous efficiency improvement as displayed in Figure 14 should be taken into account. Heat-only plants The age dependency of power generation is in contrast with heat only plants: boiler efficiencies have hardly improved the last decade. Therefore, no correction for the age of a heat-only plant should be applied. 3.2.3 Climate Electricity production The commission decision concludes that the correlation between the climate and the efficiency of electricity generating plants (electricity only or CHP) is significant throughout the European climates [27]. This is most likely be caused by the significant role of steam turbines in the generation of power. As explained in section 2.3.1, the water loop is closed by condensation of steam, after which the condensate is re- pressurized and returned to the boiler. For this condensation, a cold source is required. This cold source is commonly air or surface water. The colder this air or surface water is, the lower the condensation temperature can be. This results in a higher efficiency of the steam cycle. Efficiencies should therefore be corrected for different climate zones. In the commission decision, the following method is proposed for reference plants: • 0.1% efficiency reduction for every degree Celsius above 15°C • 0.1% efficiency gain for every degree Celsius below 15°C To avoid the generation of large data sets for each member state with a different climate, while only trends are relevant, three typical temperature zones are defined. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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