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Table 23: Harmonized efficiency reference values for the production of heat, based on net caloric values and ISO conditions (15°C ambient temperature, 1 atmosphere pressure and 60% relative humidity) [27] Wood fuels 86% 78% Agricultural biomass 80% 72% MSW 80% 72% Biofuels (liquid) 89% 81% Biodegradable waste 80% 72% Biogas 70% 62% 3.2.4 Central versus de-central Electricity production The transport of electricity results in grid losses (network losses). The application of CHP avoids grid losses. Average avoided grid losses should be accounted for in CHP systems. The Commission Decision proposes a correction that differentiates on the voltage of the electricity. These correction factors are given in Table 24. Table 24: Correction factors for avoided grid losses for the application of the harmonized reference values for separate production of electricity; taken from [27] Fuel Steam / hot water Direct use of exhaust gases Voltage For electricity exported to the grid For electricity consumed on-site > 200 kV 100 – 200 kV 50 – 100 kV 0.4 – 50 kV < 0.4 kV 1 0.985 0.985 0.965 0.965 0.945 0.945 0.925 0.925 0.860 It should be mentioned that Commission Decision dictates that correction factors for grid losses should not be applied to wood fuels and biogas. Heat-only plants Heat is always used near the site of production. So no correction for avoided heat grid losses is required. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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