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4 Task 3: Assessment conversion efficiencies regarding feedstock 4.1 Introduction In chapter 1 (Task 1) technologies were discussed in detail, including feedstock related issues and included the influence of the biomass fuel on the end-use efficiency. Details about the suitability of biomass for a certain technology can be found there. Here, only the most important effects of biomass on the end use efficiency are discussed. Distinction is made between solid, liquid and gaseous feedstock. The first section starts with a general discussion of feedstock properties of solid, liquid and gaseous feedstock on an aggregated level in relation to end efficiency. Subsequent section discusses the feedstock properties for the relevant conversion technologies in relation to the end efficiency. This chapter is summarized at the end in Table 25. 4.2 General issues concerning feedstock 4.2.1 Solid feedstock The two main issues, which are discussed below, are the influence of the moisture content and biomass composition related to the end-use efficiency. Biomass composition One of the challenges encountered in biomass-fired boilers are the increased tendency to bed agglomeration and the increased fouling of convective heat surfaces (reducing heat exchange), sometimes associated with increased corrosion. The same problems are aggravated in waste firing. The most distinctive property of biomass towards agglomeration, fouling, and corrosion is the ash composition in connection to sulphur, chlorine, and phosphorous content. Agglomeration, fouling, and corrosion are among others addressed by adjusting boiler operation. One of the countermeasures is controlling local temperatures below the level at which the degrading phenomena becomes unmanageable (approximately 450 degrees Celsius). This measure causes the process to deviate from its optimum (540 degrees Celsius), thus loosing (electrical) efficiency up to 5%. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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