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options are supported that really count for their national target. In this way the incentive is placed on the economic operator again, as it will become a decision of making use of the support scheme or not. So, option 2 looks much like option 1 with the difference that the penalty can be much higher: support or no support. The latter aspect also clearly gives the limitation for both options. It is only applicable to biomass installations that make use of incentive schemes. Installations that do not receive support will not be affected, as their operation is not made possible through additional support. Even if Member States counted these installations towards their national targets, they will not be affected. In this case governments will have to take additional measure to fill the created gap. Banning inefficient use Banning leaves no options for the economic operator. It simply does not allow the use of certain biomass options, as they are deemed too inefficient. Banning of a biomass options based on the GHG emissions savings would exclude a particular bioenergy production pathway, but not necessarily the individual segments of the pathway. For example, the combination of corn-based ethanol with a stand-alone power generation unit may result in a low overall efficiency based on the GHG emission savings. The separate parts may however not be inefficient on itself. Given the large variety in combinations that can exist within a pathway, banning seems difficult on the basis of the overall GHG emission savings. This can for example lead to a situation in which the end-conversion installation is banned in one pathway, but allowed in another pathway. This will send mixed signals to does who deal with the investment decision on a biomass conversion installation. The banning option has the advantage that it is very effective in excluding the application of certain biomass pathways or installations that use biomass. The decision not to use this pathway or installation does not depend on an economic calculation of the economic operator but is made by the government. In addition, its effects can reach beyond support schemes, and in principle be applicable to all biomass conversion installation. This advantage, particularly when common technology is banned, is counteracted by the risk that economic operators will make a different economic calculation on the use of biomass at all. The latter is unwanted especially in those cases where residues streams with no other purpose (like manure) are being used for energy production. Labelling end-conversion efficiency The policy option of labelling works through the creation of awareness of the (end- conversion) efficiency of a biomass pathway or installation by giving insight into its performance. Creating awareness aims at influencing the decision making of the economic operator by highlighting cost saving through more efficient biomass use or by appealing to its environmental conscious. It does not exclude the use of inefficient EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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