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5.4 Policy option in relation to the selected biomass conversion combinations This section contains a description of the effects and impacts of the policy options for the selected biomass conversion combinations. It starts with a selection of policy options that are applicable to the selected BTC’s. The various policy options are first screened in the light of the selected biomass conversion combinations as described in the preceding part of this chapter. Based on this selection a shortlist is made of most relevant policy options. The selected options are used in the impact assessment on a number of criteria. At the end recommendations regarding obstacles, advantages of certain policy options and main impacts will be given. 5.4.1 Selecting policy options for each BTC The biomass technology combinations, selected in part 1 of this report, form a broad range of combinations. Residential heating, large-scale co-firing or digestion are all very different. Consequently, one kind of policy approach will not work for these options. This section selects that policy options that for each of the BTC. Table 28 gives an overview of these options10. This is followed by a more detailed description of the BTC, including a description of the specific aspects as described in section 5.3. Table 28: Policy options to improve end-conversion efficiency for each BTC BTC Policy option Residential heating Labelling Minimum Efficiency Standard Investment subsidy Large-scale power and CHP Waste incineration District heating Manure (co-) digestion Bonus system for efficiency improvement Minimum Efficiency Standard Bonus system for efficiency improvement Minimum Efficiency Standard Investment Subsidy Bonus system for efficiency improvement Co-firing No specific efficiency related policies Efficiency is already high, with possibilities for stimulation of co-firing in general 10 In this table and the rest of the document the BTC’s ‘Large ORC power plant’ and ‘diesel engines on vegetable oil’ are grouped with the category ‘Dedicated large-scale power and CHP’, because of their similarity in target group, production, feedstock and possibilities for policy options. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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