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Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production

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Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production ( evaluation-improvements-end-conversion-efficiency-bioenergy- )

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treatment of waste streams or not accepting certain types of waste because they lower the overall efficiency. A bonus system for higher efficiency (a step wise bonus structure with small steps) will be an option, stimulating small increases in the installation due to technical performances and process management.; District heating Characteristics: • District heating refers to heat-only boilers; • They are used in industry (process heating) and for heating buildings (district heating); • District heating and the necessary network for that are more common in some countries within Europe; • District heating is mostly applied in countries with large forestry industries; • Central boilers are more efficient than individual heating systems; Policy options: Bonus system for use of district heating systems, minimum efficiency standards for district heating systems District heating systems are more efficient than individual heating systems therefore stimulation of those systems would increase efficiency. However the construction of district heating systems is quite costly. In several countries district heating systems already exist, which makes connection to the network with a new provider of energy relatively easy. This generates different opportunities and different policy options relevant for different regions in Europe. For example countries where district heating networks are already present, small stimulations could be enough to generate higher efficiencies by creating new installations in stead of individual heating systems. In countries where no district heating systems are present, investment costs for construction of such a network should be taken into account in the design of the support scheme. Another important aspect of district heating systems is to fit the system with the local demand present. Furthermore optimizing the system for example by stimulation CHP’s which can also provide electricity is another option which can be obtained through a support scheme like a bonus system. Manure (co-)digestion Characteristics: • Usually, small commercial producers who are well informed; • Main feedstock used is manure, sometimes co-digestion with other feedstock like maize, glycerine or sewage sludge; EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION

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Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production

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