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• •• • • • •••••• • •••• • • •••••••• • •• •• •• •••• •••• •• • ••• • ••• • ••• • • ••• ••••• ••• ••• •• • ••• Operating costs and conduct of business/Small and Medium Enterprises 0 | Low additional costs for companies Additional operation and investment coasts are (partially) compensated by bonus. Poor performing installation are not excluded from operating or support. - | High cost for governments Additional costs as the bonus for more efficient end-conversion is paid for by the government. -- | Large increase in compliance costs Additional operation and investment costs result from minimum efficiency standards. High when existing installations have to be upgraded. Moderate when only applied to new installations. ++ | Low cost for governments Hardly any additional costs for government ++ | No additional compliance costs No cost or benefit without sanction. Connected to a support scheme, operating costs may be come more relevant and have higher impact on the policy option. 0 | Low additional costs for heating Additional investment coasts are (partially) compensated by bonus. - | High cost for governments Investment subsidy for more efficient end-conversion is paid for by the government. The impacts of these costs depend on the categories and level of investment subsidy provided Moderate if only part of investment, small investments or limited total amount is subsidized. Innovation and research - | Little innovation as most improvement come through existing technology Innovation can be stimulated further by including innovation objectives or by directing towards innovative solutions for efficiency increase (add-on’s, technology development). - | Little innovation as additional investment competes with not using biomass Innovation will probably be more expensive option, thus impact is low. If combined with financial stimulus, innovation can become more relevant, especially if focussed on finding cost effective measures for increasing efficiency -- | No innovation without requirements No cost or benefit without sanction Image of companies can result in some innovation to perform better then other market players but impact will be low. 0 | Subsidy with innovative focus can stimulate innovation Depending on the size and requirements of the subsidy. EVALUATION OF IMPROVEMENTS IN END-CONVERSION EFFICIENCY FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTIONPDF Image | Evaluation of improvements in end-conversion efficiency for bioenergy production
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