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Page 16 www.alaskasolartour.org Facts and Figures HEATING The number of heating degree days [HDD] in one day is the number of degrees the day’s ambient temperature is below 65 o F and is used to help determine space heating needs. A mean 24 hour temperature of 55 o F corresponds to 10 HDD. Fairbanks has about 14,000 HDD per year. Over 30 years, the average monthly number of HDD varies from 121 in July to 2315 in January. If there were 280 days in a year, a typical daily temperature would be 50 o F below 65 oF or 15 oF. So, with 365 days in a year, our average tempera- ture is close to 27 oF which is 38 oF below 65 oF. Clearly, the way a build- ing is constructed and used is critically important in determining heating load. SOLAR In May, the average daily solar insolation [energy from the sun] in Fair- banks is 3.48 kWh/m2/day on a horizontal surface and 3.7 on a surface tilted 15 o less than our ~ 65 o latitude or about 50 o from the horizontal. The corresponding numbers are 0.1 and 0.7 in January. One kWh equals 3412 Btu. Even on a cold day in, say, February, the heat gain in solar in- solation from noon to 3 PM can be much greater than the heat loss through a S facing triple pane window. The peak insolation can exceed 1 kW/m2 on a surface facing the sun. Photovoltaic cells may convert around 15-16% of this insolation into electricity. WIND The kinetic power in the wind is proportional to V3 where V is the wind speed. So, doubling the wind speed increases the power by a factor of 8. For, a 10 m/s wind speed [20 mph], the power at sea level is about 600 W/ m2. A perfect wind turbine could capture 59 % of that and a real world tur- bine may capture 30 %. Hence, a turbine with a 1 m diameter set of blades may be able to output 140 watts in a 20 mph wind. Thanks to UAF professor Ron Johnson for his contribution 2012 Fairbanks Solar Tour Page 17 NET-ZERO ENERGY As net-zero energy buildings increase in prominence - with the expectation that they’ll be code-mandated some time in the future - standard defini- tions for what exactly makes a net-zero energy building are critical. Currently, there are four main types of net-zero energy buildings. 1) Net-Zero Site Energy buildings is the most common type. This is a building that produces at least as much energy - through on-site renew- ables - as it uses on a yearly basis. 2) Net-Zero Source Energy buildings are buildings that produce as much energy as they use when calculated at the source. What that means is that the building’s produced energy must also make up for energy lost in trans- mission from the source of the energy to the building using it. 3) Net-Zero Energy Cost buildings are those in which the amount of money an owner pays for electricity a building uses is equal to the amount of money the utility pays the owner for renewable energy the building feeds to the grid. 4) Net-Zero Energy Emissions buildings produce and export at least as much emissions-free renewable energy as they import and use from emis- sion-producing sources on an annual basis. According to sources, this is the easiest type of net-zero energy building to achieve, and therefore may be the least environmentally stringent. SOLAR HOT WATER In Alaska solar hot water essentially works through closed loop convection with the sun preheating a fluid (glycol). The system uses it to transfer the heat to a storage tank of potable water. This reduces the energy demand on your mechanical heating unit to bring the water to temperature. Using the sun to heat water has many practical applications in Alaska. It is even possible (through thoughtful design and sufficient storage capac- ity) to completely heat your home all year long with solar heat captured in the summer time. The most common and cost effective use of solar hot water heating is in heating water for domestic or commercial use, cutting your costs in this area by up to 60%. Some heating systems are also con- figured to using tubes in the floor for radiant energy with solar as a pre- heating source.PDF Image | Fairbanks Alaska Solar Tour
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