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(Performance Evaluation of Power System Efficiency) [26] simula- tion program. We integrated the analysis performed by PEPSE and the calculation obtained from EES [24]. 3.3.1. Effect on the condenser vacuum C-OTEC is energy conversion cycle which uses the steam which enters condenser as the heat source. Thus, C-OTEC oper- ates as an additional cooling unit for the primary condenser. If C- OTEC removes heat well from the primary condenser, the load of the primary condenser can be decreased implying that circulating flow would be needed. If the primary condenser maintains the original cooling performance, the condenser vacuum will be improved due to the decreased condenser heat load, resulting in an increase in the power of the PRC. Wang et al. [27] investigated the relationship between the condenser pressure and the power output and Anozie and Odejobi [28] studied the optimum circu- lating water flow rate to ensure maximum efficiency and mini- mum operating costs. Variation in the condenser performance observed with varia- tions in the steam extraction rate up to 30% with a constant cooling performance level and constant circulating water flow rate. The generated electric output in the PRC and the C-OTEC system is shown in Table 8. C-OTEC with additional electric output due to the increased cooling performance depends on the additional heat transfer to the working fluid in the condenser. If 10% of the condenser entering steam is used as the C-OTEC heat source, 485 kWe of additional electric output is generated in the PRC due to the improved vacuum of the primary condenser. Moreover, we gain an additional 726 kWe corresponding to a transferred heat rate of 4.425% in the C-OTEC system. Fig. 3 shows the variation of the PRC efficiency and the condenser pressure depending on the steam extraction rate. The condenser pressure is 5 kPa without the C-OTEC system. However, if 15% of the steam is used for the SRC, the condenser pressure decreases to 4.61 kPa, while at 30%, it further falls to 4.33 kPa. The efficiency of the plant increases due to the improvement in the condenser vacuum. The gross efficiency of the plant increases proportionally due to the increase in the steam extraction rate. Similar calculations are presented in Table 9 with different condenser pressure caused by the increased circulating water temperature in summer. To simulate the loss of power due to the increased sea water temperature during the summer, we increased the condenser pressure 5 kPae7.71 kPa by increasing the temper- ature of the sea water entering the Yeongdong plant to 30 C. The reference model generated 120.463 MWe, indicating a loss of 4.8 MWe. With the installation of the C-OTEC system, we can obtain the output levels shown in Table 9. When steam is used up to 30%, this plant can compensate for a 1.6 MWe loss and can gain 2.2 MWe from the C-OTEC system. Thus total power of 3.8 MWe can be offset given the power loss. Fig. 4 shows the variation of the primary condenser pressure and the cycle efficiency depending on the operating conditions in summer. The pressure decreases in proportion to the increase in the steam use rate. If steam is used up to 30%, the pressure decreases from 7.71 kPa to 6.76 kPa. As a result, an increase in the efficiency of the power plant is also observed. Fig. 3. Variation of the PRC efficiency and condenser pressure depending on the steam usage rate. H. Jung, J. Hwang / Energy 75 (2014) 443e452 449 Table 9 Electricity production depending on steam using (summer condition). Steam using PRC (MWe) C-OTEC (MWe) 0% 120.463 0.000 10% 121.072 0.746 20% 121.572 1.490 30% 122.065 2.228 Table 8 Electric output variation depending on steam extraction rate. 3.3.2. Effectonthepumpingpowerusedbycirculatingwaterpump of PRC C-OTEC separately removes the heat of the primary condenser. Thus, we can reduce the amount of power used by circulating water pump, as the sea water flow which is required to cool the primary condenser can decrease to keep condenser pressure constant at 5 kPa. In this scenario, we used steam up to 30% as shown in Table 10 and calculated the required pumping power necessary to maintain condenser design pressure of 5 kPa. Fig. 4. Variation of the PRC efficiency and condenser pressure depending on the steam usage rate (summer condition). Steam extraction rate PRC (MWe) Heat load (MWt) transferred to C-OTEC C-OTEC (MWe) 0% 125.265 0.000 0.000 10% 125.750 16.416 0.726 20% 126.070 32.766 1.450 30% 126.365 49.058 2.169 Table 10 Decreased power consumption of the circulation pumps. Steam use rare Pumping power (kW) Decrease of pumping power (%) 0% 10% 277.06 240.85 e 13.07 20% 212.12 23.44 30% 185.69 32.98PDF Image | Feasibility study of a combined Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion method in South Korea
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