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GeoPowering the West is a cooperative federal, state, and local effort to promote awareness of the vast geothermal energy resources in the western United States, including Alaska and Hawaii. GeoPowering the West partners with businesses, government officials, Native American groups, utilities, and energy consumers to expand the use of geothermal energy. For more information contact: EERE Information Center 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463) eereic@ee.doe.gov or visit: www.eere.energy.gov Alaska Energy Authority/AIDEA Bernie Smith, bsmith@aidea.org (907) 269-4643 or visit: www.aidea.org Geo-Heat Center John Lund, Director Oregon Institute of Technology (541) 885-1750 or visit: geoheat.oit.edu U.S. Department of Energy Western Regional Office Curtis Framel, Curtis.Framel@EE.DOE.GOV (206) 553-7841 or visit: www.eere.energy.gov/regions/western U.S. Department of Energy GeoPowering the West Susan Norwood, National Coordinator, susan.norwood@hq.doe.gov (202) 586-4779 or visit: www.eere.energy.gov/geopoweringthewest Produced for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 By the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, a DOE National Laboratory DOE/GO-102004-2034 February 2005 Printed with a renewable source ink on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste. Part of the old orphanage at Pilgrim Hot Springs, Our Lady of Lourdes Church is still standing. For more information, visit www.eere.energy.gov/geopoweringthewest/ or call 1-877-EERE-INF History The history of Alaska’s geothermal use is the history of the development of its hot springs. Some of these areas, such as the remote Serpentine Hot Springs on the Seward Peninsula, were used by Inupiat shamans before Charles McClellan “discovered” the springs in 1900. Today, the hot springs has a bathhouse, a large cabin for sleeping, and a nearby airstrip. Pilgrim Hot Springs, also on the Seward Peninsula, had been used by local Alaskan natives well before modern recorded history. During the Nome Gold Rush days (1900+), this area became a popular place to visit, and to grow and cook fresh food. The worldwide pandemic flu epidemic of 1918-19 devastated this area, killing 1,200 people and leaving many children orphaned and homeless. Catholic Jesuit priests and Ursuline nuns built an orphanage—Our Lady of Lourdes Mission—at Pilgrim Hot Springs to take care of the children. The mission survived until 1942, by which time the children had grown. During World War II, Russian and American Pilots flew from Nome to Pilgrim Hot Springs and used the spa for rest and relaxation. Since the war, the area has largely been abandoned, with occasional visitors to the hot springs. Currently, however, there is a venture to explore the geothermal resource in the area and establish a self-sufficient village. Goddard Hot Springs on Baranof Island was also visited by natives well before Europeans first saw it in the mid 1800s. By the late 1800s, the area had cabins and frame buildings for visitors. In the 1920s a hotel was built to accommodate visitors, but it fell into disuse in the 1940s. Today, the city of Sitka owns the hot springs and keeps a bathhouse there for recreational use. Circle Hot Springs was used by the Athabascans well before the gold rush days. It was first encountered by non- native William Greats in 1893, whence it became a favorite of local miners, especially during the winter. It was developed into a resort in 1909. Today’s most popular Alaskan hot springs resort—Chena Hot Springs— was discovered by Robert and Thomas Swan in 1905. It quickly became a popular place for prospectors to visit for easing their aches and pains. By 1911 it had been developed into a small resort. It has since become a premier resort, attracting people from all over the world.PDF Image | Geothermal Technologies Program Alaska
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