Geothermal Under Our Feet

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Geothermal Under Our Feet ( geothermal-under-our-feet )

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Description of Geothermal Resource Categories Hydrothermal A hydrothermal system is defined as a subterranean geothermal reservoir that transfers heat energy upward by vertical circulation of fluids driven by differences in fluid density that correspond to differences in temperature (see Figure 2). Hydrothermal systems can be classified into two types—vapor-dominated and hot water— depending on whether the fluid is steam or liquid water, respectively. Most high-temperature geothermal resources occur where magma (molten rock) has penetrated the upper crust of the Earth. The magma heats the surrounding rock, and when the rock is permeable enough to allow the circulation of water, the resulting hot water or steam is referred to as a hydrothermal resource. Such resources are used today for the commercial production of geothermal power. They benefit from continuous recharge of energy as heat flows into the reservoir from greater depths. Deep Geothermal Systems Deep geothermal systems (a.k.a. enhanced geothermal systems or EGS) are defined as engineered reservoirs that have been created to extract heat from economically unproductive geothermal resources. The deep geothermal/EGS concept is to extract heat by creating a subsurface fracture system to which water can be added through injection wells. The water is heated by contact with the rock and returns to the surface through production wells, just as in naturally occurring hydrothermal systems. Hydrofracturing and stimulation techniques are used widely in the oil and gas industry to extend production, and can be used to greatly extend and expand use of geothermal resources. Figure 3 gives a graphic idea of the domestic scope of geothermal resources at just 6 kilometers (3.7 miles), a nominal drilling depth in the oil and gas industry. Figure 2. llustration of a hydrothermal reservoir, showing the natural recharge, fractures, and heat source. Courtesy: Geothermal Education Office 5

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