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Table 4. Energy Equivalents by Resource Category (see appendices for calculation method) Resource Category Estimated Accessible Resource Estimated Developable Resource – 2050 Shallow Hydrothermal (Identified) >90 ̊C/94 ̊F 0.81 Quads 135 million BOE 0.81 Quads 135 million BOE Shallow Hydrothermal (Unidentified) >50 ̊C/302 ̊F Deep Geothermal4 Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHP)6 References 1. USGS Circular 790 (p. 157), includes identified and unidentified resources; 2015 and later estimates are a consensus of the experts at the workshop. Estimated accessible figure includes identified (~30,000 MW) and unidentified (~120,000 MW) (i.e., hidden or showing no surface manifestations) hydrothermal resources. 2. USGS Circular 790, Geothermal Electric Power Supply Possible from Gulf Coast, Midcontinent Oil Field Waters, “Oil and Gas Journal,” September 5, 2005, and SMU Geothermal Laboratory Geothermal Energy Generation in Oil and Gas Settings Conference findings, March 13 – 14, 2006. 3. Based on Mafi Trench Unit on offshore platform now in operation. 4. Energy Recovery from Enhanced/Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), September 2006. 5. OIT Geo-Heat Center, using analysis based on USGS Circulars 790 and 892. 6. Geothermal Heat Pump Consortium, based on Energy Information Administration data and projections. The ‘avoided power’ figure represents the peak power not required or offset through use of GHPs. Thus, GHPs act as a proven demand and growth management option for utilities. 3.2 Quads 540 million BOE 35.1 to 351 Quads 5.8 to 58.5 BBOE 15 Quads 2.5 billion BOE – 3.5 tp 35 Quads 0.58 to 5.8 BBOE 15 Quads 2.5 BBOE Energy Comparison Information U.S annual energy consumption equals about 100 quads (EIA, 2004). U.S annual electricity production equals about 40 quads (EIA, 2004). U.S. petroleum demand equals about 21 million bbl/day, 7.67 billion bbl/yr (EIA, 2004). World petroleum demand equals about 84 million bbl/day, 30 billion bbl/yr (EIA, 2004). Energy Equivalents 1 Quad = 0.170 billion barrels of oil, 170 million barrels of oil 1 Quad = 45 million short tons of coal 1 Quad = 1 trillion cubic feet of dry natural gas 1000 KWh = 0.59 barrels of crude oil 1000 KWh = 0.15 short tons (300 pounds) of coal 1000 KWh = 3,300 cubic feet of dry natural gas 1 barrel of crude oil = 1,700 kWh 1 barrel of crude oil = 5,600 cubic feet of dry natural gas 1 barrel of crude oil = 0.26 short tons (520 pounds) of coal Co-Produced & Geopressured2 2.7 Quads 450 million BOE 2.7 Quads 450 million BOE Direct Use5 0.88 Quads 150 million BOE 15 Quads 112.5 million BOE GHP6 Avoided Power 1.8 Quads 300 million BOE 1.8 Quads 300 million BOE 0PDF Image | Geothermal Under Our Feet
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