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Introduction The purpose of this guide is to provide New York State farmers and landowners with information on planning and installing solar-powered water pumping systems. Because every location has different needs and resources, this guide provides the general principles required to make an informed decision on whether or not a solar pump is right for your operation. Currently, solar water pumps are used in the western United States as well as in many other countries or regions with abundant sunlight. Solar pumps have proven to be a cost- effective and dependable method for providing water in situations where water resources are spread over long distances, power lines are few or non-existent, and fuel and maintenance costs are considerable. Historically, solar water pumps have not been widely used in New York State, in part due to the perception that solar does not work in New York. However, demonstration units that have been operating over the past few years have proven that solar pumps work at capacity when needed most: during warm, sunny days. This is particularly important for animal grazing operations. While there are several possible methods for supplying water to remote pastures, such as wind, gas/diesel pumps, and ram pumps, solar-powered water pumps may offer the best option in terms of long-term cost and reduced labor. In the relatively rare instances with favorable topography and spring or pond location, ram pumps or gravity feed may be better options. In flat areas where the water is supplied by a remote well and where there is limited access to the power grid, solar pumps appear to be the best option. Solar/Photovoltaic Power Solar or photovoltaic (PV) cells are made of semiconducting materials that can convert sunlight directly into electricity. When sunlight strikes the cells, it dislodges and liberates electrons within the material which then move to produce a direct electrical current (DC).1 This is done without any moving parts. 1 For a more thorough explanation of solar power, please visit the National Renewable Energy Laboratory website http://www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/solar.html Figure 1. Diagram that shows how individual cells make up a module. An array consists of sets of modules (from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO). 1PDF Image | GUIDE TO SOLAR- POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS IN NEW YORK STATE
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