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Windmill • Potentially long-lasting • Works well in windy site • Highmaintenanceandcostlyrepair • Difficulttofindparts • Seasonaldisadvantages • Needspecialtoolsforinstallation • Laborintensive • Nowind,nopower Gravity • V ery low cost • Low maintenance • No fuel costs or spills • Easy to install • Simple and reliable • Practicalinonlyfewplaces Ram • V ery low cost • Low maintenance • No fuel costs or spills • Easy to install • Simple and reliable • Requiresmovingwaterforoperation Hauling • Lowest initial cost • Very labor intensive • Excellent mobility The key to PV’s success is the low labor and maintenance costs relative to the other options. The long-term economics make PV pumps superior to most other remote watering options, except where gravity feed is available. One study completed by the Bureau of Land Management at Battle Mountain, Nevada compared solar water pumping systems to generator systems. For one 3.8 gpm system with a 275 foot design head, the PV system cost only 64% as much over 20 years as the generator system did over only 10 years. This remote solar site also used only 14% as many labor hours. A Sandia National Laboratories study3 noted that photovoltaic pumping systems in remote locations would often be cost effective compared to generators, even with five times the initial capital cost. Inexpensive diesel or gas generators have low initial costs but require consistent maintenance and have a design life of approximately 1500 hours. Small to medium sized solar pumping systems often cost less initially than a durable slow speed engine driven generator. Uses for Solar Water Pumps in New York Solar pumps are very cost-effective for remote applications, particularly where utility interconnect costs more than $5000. That is usually about one-third to one-half mile from the grid. • • • • Specific applications include: Off-grid homes and cabins; Livestock watering: pond and stream protection, rotational or prescribed grazing, and remote pasturing; Aquaculture: aeration, circulation, and de-icing; Irrigation: best for small scale applications. 3 Stokes et al., 1993 6PDF Image | GUIDE TO SOLAR- POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS IN NEW YORK STATE
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