GUIDE TO SOLAR- POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS IN NEW YORK STATE

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GUIDE TO SOLAR- POWERED WATER PUMPING SYSTEMS IN NEW YORK STATE ( guide-to-solar--powered-water-pumping-systems-in-new-york-st )

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Pressure Switch - An electrical switch actuated by the pressure in a pressure tank. When the pressure drops to a low set-point (cut-in) it turns a pump on. At a high point (cut-out) it turns the pump off. Pressure Tank - A fully enclosed tank with an air space inside. As water is forced in, the air compresses. The stored water may be released after the pump has stopped. Most pressure tanks contain a rubber bladder to capture the air. If so, synonym: captive air tank. Pressure Tank Precharge - The pressure of compressed air stored in a captive air pressure tank. A reading should be taken with an air pressure gauge (tire gauge) with water pressure at zero. The air pressure is then adjusted to about 3 PSI lower than the cut-in pressure (see Pressure Switch). If precharge is not set properly, the tank will not work to full capacity, and the pump will cycle on and off more frequently. Priming - The process of hand-filling the suction pipe and intake of a surface pump. Priming is generally necessary when a pump must be located above the water source. A self-priming pump is able to draw some air suction in order to prime itself, at least in theory. See Foot Valve. Pulsation Damper - A device that absorbs and releases pulsations in flow produced by a piston or diaphragm pump. It consists of a chamber with air trapped within it. Pump Controller - An electronic device that controls or process power to an array-direct pump. It may perform any of the following functions: stopping and starting the pump; protection from overload; power conversion or power matching (see Linear Current Booster). Pump Jack - A deep well piston pump. The piston and cylinder is submerged in the well water and actuated by a rod inside the drop pipe, powered by a motor at the surface. This is an old- fashioned system that is still used for extremely deep wells, including solar pumps as deep as 1000 feet. Recovery Rate - Rate at which groundwater refills the casing after the level is drawn down. This is the term used to specify the production rate of the well. Safety Rope - Plastic rope used to secure the pump in case of pipe breakage. Sealed Piston Pump - See positive displacement pump. This is a type of pump recently developed for solar submersibles. The pistons have a very short stroke, allowing the use of flexible gaskets to seal water out of an oil-filled mechanism. Self-Priming Pump - See Priming. Static Water Level - Depth to the water surface in a well under static conditions (not being pumped). May be subject to seasonal changes or lowering due to depletion. Submergence - Applied to submersible pumps: Distance beneath the static water level, at which a pump is set. Synonym: immersion level. Submersible Cable - Electrical cable designed for in-well submersion. Conductor sizing is specified in millimeters, or (in USA) by American Wire Gauge (AWG) in which a higher number indicates smaller wire. It is connected to a pump by a cable splice. 20

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