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Author's personal copy 1798 international journal of hydrogen energy 38 (2013) 1795e1805 Fig. 2 e TeS diagram of the ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) for hydrogen production. 2.1.2.1. Turbine generator power. The turbine power output is calculated by writing the energy balance for a control volume around a turbine which is the product of working fluid mass flow rate, m_ F and the adiabatic heat loss between the evapo- rator and the condenser, as follows: W_ G 1⁄4 m_ FhThGðh5 h6Þ (7) here, hT and hG are the turbine isentropic efficiency and generator mechanical efficiency. 2.1.2.2. Warm seawater pumping power. The warm seawater pumping power can be written as: here, LE is the length of the evaporator plate and lE is taken from Ref. [23]. Also, Deq is the equivalent diameter, which is calculated as: Deq 1⁄4 2d (14) where d is the clearance. 2.1.2.3. Cold seawater pumping power. The cold seawater pumping power is expressed as: W_CS1⁄4m_CSDHCWg (15) hCSP where hCSP is the cold seawater pump efficiency and DHCW is the total pump head of the cold seawater piping, given as: DHCS 1⁄4 ðDHCS ÞP þ ðDHCS ÞC þ ðDHCS Þd (16) here ðDHCSÞP is the pump head of the cold seawater pipe [23]: ðDHCSÞP 1⁄4 ðDHCSÞSP þ ðDHCSÞB (17) These two terms are similar to terms in Eqs. (11) and (12). Also, ðDHCSÞC is the cold seawater pressure difference in the condenser, defined as: VC2 S LEC ðDHCSÞC 1⁄4 lC 2g D (18) eq C where LC is the length of the evaporator plate and lC is taken from reference [23]. Also, Deq is the equivalent diameter given in Eq. (14) and ðDHCSÞd is the pressure difference caused by the density difference between the warm seawater surface and cold deeper seawater, calculated as [23]: ðDHCSÞd1⁄4LCSr1 12ðrWSþrCSÞLCS (19) CS 2.1.3. PEM electrolyzer The schematic diagram of the PEM electrolyzer for H2 production is shown on the right side of Fig. 1. During elec- trolysis, the required electricity and heat are both supplied to the electrolyzer to drive the electrochemical reactions. As _ m_ W S D H W S g WWS1⁄4 h WSP (8) where DHWS is the total pump head difference of the warm seawater piping: DHWS 1⁄4 ðDHWSÞP þ ðDHWSÞE (9) here, ðDHWSÞP is the pump head of the warm seawater pipe, which can be given as [23]: ðDHWS ÞP 1⁄4 ðDHWS ÞSP þ ðDHWS ÞB (10) where ðDHWSÞSP is the friction loss of the straight pipe and ðDHWSÞ is the bending loss on the warm seawater pipe, which B are given as [23]: LWS ðDHWSÞSP 1⁄4 6:82 1:17 VWS 1:85 CWS ; CWS 1⁄4 100 (11) (12) ðDHWSÞB 1⁄4 lm 2g dWS X V W2 S here,LWSisthelengthofthewarmseawaterpipe,dWSisthe warm seawater inner pipe diameter and VWS is the velocity of warm seawater inside the pipe. Also, ðDHWSÞE is the pressure difference of warm seawater in the evaporator, expressible as: ðDHÞ1⁄4lVW2SLE (13) WSE E2gDeqWPDF Image | H2 Energy
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