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1802 international journal of hydrogen energy 38 (2013) 1795e1805 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.3 0.28 0.26 0.24 400 60 1.6 1.55 1.5 1.45 1.4 40 1.35 1.3 440 480 Solar radiation intensity (W/m2) 480 520 Fig. 6 e Variation with solar radiation intensity of the OTEC exergy efficiency and total exergy destruction rate. 4.2. Exergy analysis results Results of the thermodynamic modelling and exergy analysis are presented here, including assessments of the effects of varying several design parameters on the cycle performance. As already discussed, the inputs of the simulation program are transferred to the developed code in order to calculate the outputs. The results of the simulation program are listed in Table 3. The net power output is seen to be around 101 kW, which leads to a hydrogen production rate of about 1.2 kg/h. In addition, the exergy efficiency of the integrated OTEC system is much higher than the energy efficiency, mainly due to the fact that the work is produced using a low-grade (in terms of a temperature near to that of the reference environment) heat at the ocean surface. The exergy analysis results are presented in Fig. 5 and show that the highest exergy destruction occurs in the condenser, which is mainly due to the temperature difference between two fluid streams passing through it, but also due to the pressure drop across the device. Another important result relates to the dimensionless exergy ratio, which is useful for prioritizing exergy losses in an intuitive manner. Both the exergy destruction rate and the dimensionless exergy 520 Author's personal copy 55 50 45 35 560 600 400 440 Solar radiation intensity (W/m2) 60 55 50 45 40 35 560 600 Fig. 8 e Variation with solar radiation intensity of the sustainability index and total exergy destruction rate. destruction ratio are higher in the condenser than in other components, suggesting that it would likely be worthwhile to focus improvement efforts on this component. Since the solar radiation intensity changes during the day, the variation of system performance is investigated with solar radiation. Fig. 6 shows the variation of exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate of the OTEC system for various values of solar radiation intensity. Increasing solar radiation inten- sity results in an increase in the exergy efficiency of the OTEC system, suggesting that during such a day, the solar intensity increases the inlet temperature entering the evaporator, which leads to an increase in enthalpy at point 3 entering the turbine to produce work. The higher the temperature differ- ence between cold and hot surfaces the more the work. Since the cold surface temperature is almost constant at the depth of the ocean, an increase in evaporator inlet temperature results in an increase in the output power. Also, Fig. 6 shows that an increase in solar radiation leads to a decrease in total exergy destruction. The effect of solar radiation intensity on exergy destruction rate for each component is shown in Fig. 7. As shown in this figure, an increase in solar radiation intensity has major effects on the exergy destruction rates of turbine and condenser while the changes in exergy destruction rate for the 130 120 110 100 90 80 400 440 2 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 560 600 mH2(kg/hr) Wnet(kW) Fig. 7 e Variation with solar radiation intensity of the exergy destruction rate of components. Fig. 9 e Variation with solar radiation intensity of the OTEC net power output and hydrogen production rate. 480 Solar radiation intensity (W/m2) 520 Wnet (kW) Sustainability index, SI mH2 (kg/hr) Total exergy destruction rate (kW) Exergy efficiency Total exergy destruction rate (kW)PDF Image | H2 Energy
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