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Author's personal copy international journal of hydrogen energy 38 (2013) 1795e1805 1803 0.28 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.2 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 280 284 288 T0 (K) 292 296 1.4 1.36 1.32 1.28 1.24 1.2 1.16 1.12 300 50 46 42 38 34 30 280 284 288 292 T0(K) 296 300 ηex SI Fig. 10 e Variation with ambient temperature of the exergy efficiency and sustainability index. evaporator and the pump are not drastic. So, since the decrease in the exergy destruction rate of the condenser is much higher than that for the turbine, the total exergy destruction rate decreases with an increase in solar radiation intensity. Fig. 8 shows the effect of solar radiation intensity on both sustainability index (SI) and total exergy destruction rate. The results are similar to those in Fig. 6, i.e., the overall exergy destruction of the cycle decreases and the sustainability index increases with increasing solar radiation intensity. The exergy efficiency, exergy destruction and sustainability are thus observed to be linked in such systems, supporting the utility of exergy and environmental analyses. Fig. 9 shows the effect of solar radiation intensity on hydrogen production mass flow rate. As the solar intensity increases the hydrogen production increases since the turbine work increases and correspondingly the electrical input to PEM electrolysis increases. Another major parameter in an OTEC plant is ambient temperature because it affects the surface temperature and also the value for inlet exergy at each point of the plant. Hence, this temperature is an important parameter. Fig. 10 shows the variation of exergy efficiency and sustainability index with ambient temperature. As can be seen, an increase in ambient temperature first leads to an increase in exergy efficiency and Fig. 12 e Variation with ambient temperature of the total exergy destruction rate. sustainability index, due to an increase in the fluid tempera- ture entering the evaporator which increases the work of the turbine. Above 285 K the exergy efficiency decreases because the exergy input to the system, which is the denominator of Eq. (33), increases, so two different effects occur and the effect of an increase in inlet exergy values dominates so the exergy efficiency of the OTEC system decreases. The variation of exergy destruction rate of each component of the OTEC with ambient temperature is shown in Fig. 11, which demonstrates the same trend as Fig. 10. An increase in T0 has major effects on the exergy destruction rate for the turbine and the condenser, while for the evaporator and working fluid pump it is almost constant. An increase in temperature for the condenser first leads to an increase in exergy destruction rate and then above 285 K the exergy destruction rate decreases. However, the exergy destruction rate always increases for the turbine. The summation of these two effects results in an increase in the total exergy destruction rate first then it leads to a decrease in the total exergy destruction as shown in Fig. 12. To enhance the analysis, the effect of condenser temper- ature on the exergy efficiency of the OTEC system is also investigated (see Fig. 13). An increase in condenser tempera- ture is seen to reduce the exergy efficiency of the system. Increasing condenser temperature leads to an increase in enthalpy at point 2 and results in a reduction in turbine work, 0.32 60 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 280 284 288 0.28 0.24 0.2 50 40 30 20 Turbine Condenser Evaporator Working fluid pump Fig. 11 e Variation with ambient temperature of the exergy destruction rate of each component. T0 (K) 292 296 300 0.16 10 0.12 0 5 7 9 11 13 15 Condenser temperature (0C) Fig. 13 e Variation with condenser temperature of the total exergy efficiency and exergy destruction rate. Exergy destruction rate (kW) Exergy efficiency Exergy efficiency Total exergy destruction rate (kW) Total exergy destruction rate (kW) Sustainability index (SI)PDF Image | H2 Energy
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