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(QCmin) that the process requires, assuming perfect heat recovery. The pinch temperature is valuable in determining the need for steam and how to appropriately integrate heat pumps within a process. For example, steam should not be used anywhere below the pinch temperature because the facility already has an excess of heat below this temperature. Additionally, a heat pump is appropriately placed only if it operates around the pinch, with waste heat supplied to the heat pump below the pinch and heat delivered by the heat pump above the pinch. All “hot” an “cold” process streams can be represented as a single line on a temperature-vs.-enthalpy diagram (or Grand Composite Curve), allowing for the operating temperatures and heating loads of the evaporators and condensers of the heat pumps and the heat pump placement to be determined (Figure 2, right). Figure 2. Composite Curves Hot Composite Curve Process Heat Recovery Potential Pinch Heat Flow Cold Composite Curve 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 QHMIN=1023MMBtu/h 0 200 400 600 800 Enthalpy, MMBtu/h 1000 1200 Benefits of pinch analysis. The primary benefits of using pinch analysis for waste-heat recovery are summarized below (Global 2006a). • Pinch analysis provides a method for continuously examining energy costs and defining maximum possible energy savings; • It provides a structured approach to identifying prime waste-heat sources and heating loads; • It identifies clearly where changes to the process itself reduce the overall process energy target, rather than simply reduce energy use locally; • It organizes waste-heat recovery projects in phases of implementation with a first order payback analysis and with cumulative savings; • It identifies clearly what low-grade waste-heat sources can be recovered and reused; • It accurately assesses heat pump options and placements; • It provides rules for appropriately integrating process unit operations, such as evaporation and distillation; • It provides insight into where changes to the utility system, such as new or alternative steam levels, may be justified; • It identifies what type of combined heat and power system, if any, that best matches the inherent thermodynamic load © 2007 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Industry 2-6 Temperature Temperature, oFPDF Image | Industrial Waste Heat Recovery Benefits and Recent Advancements in Technology and Applications
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