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Principle Benefits Use of hot water storage tank Use of plate heat exchangers for hot water provision Reduces peak load on the heat network, allowing pipe sizes to be minimised Instantaneous hot water performance, which does not run out. Excellent cooling of return water. Can be effectively combined with hot water storage tanks. Recommendations for circuit design Principle Benefits Variable speed pumping Use of direct connections One circuit (no use of low loss headers) Multi-stage pumping Plate heat exchanger sizing Strainers Pumps on return leg of heating circuit Connect circuits in series Ensures that return temperatures are kept to a minimum even when low loads are present at the district heating connection. Minimise costs and enables the lowest possible supply temperatures to be used. Heating water passes through the full heating system, maximising the opportunities to cool the water, reducing return temperature. Gives good variation of flow over the whole range of load conditions allowing good turndown performance, maximising cooling of return water. Correct sizing means that close approach temperatures can occur (e.g. return temperatures on the primary side can approach the return temperature on the secondary side), maximising the cooling of the district heating return water. Protect heat exchangers from being blocked by debris. A flushing loop should also be installed on the secondary side to bypass the heat exchanger. Installed prior to the heat exchanger / connection point to reduces cavitation on the pump. When connected in series with lower temperature requirements such as underfloor heating, the return from the higher temperature system becomes the flow to the lower temperature system, maximising the cooling of the heating water. Figure 10 shows the recommended configuration of a secondary heating system for connection to a district network. This includes the use of true variable flow pumping whereby flow can be reduced to very low (almost zero) levels during low load conditions. Low loss headers and primary circuits with separate pumping are avoided due to the large bypass flows which pass to the return of the primary heat network side without being cooled, leading to high return temperatures limiting use of secondary sources. Figure 10 - Principle of recommended approach for secondary side heating systems 22PDF Image | LONDONS ZERO CARBON ENERGY RESOURCE Secondary Heat
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