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Conclusions The utilisation of secondary heat sources via district heating networks has the potential to be viable at scale. The estimated maximum quantity of secondary heat that could be effectively used (24,900 GWh/year) represents approximately 24% of London’s current heat and power demand.17 This would exceed the Mayor’s target of supplying 25% of the heat and power used in London from localised decentralised energy systems, given that some district energy schemes are already in place. There are many factors that will influence the achievement of this goal. Viability is dependent on the cost of electricity as most heat sources require an upgrade in temperature via electric heat pumps prior to being delivered to the end user. Industrial sources require the least energy to upgrade heat and so should be prioritised above other sources. Building design will also affect the ability to fully utilise secondary sources of heat. Where building fabric is improved, internal heat demand can be met by heat supplied at lower temperatures. These lower temperatures make the integration of secondary sources of heat more viable. In terms of environmental impact, as the carbon intensity of the electricity grid falls, the carbon intensity of heat from secondary sources that require upgrade to higher temperatures will also fall. The potential for secondary heat sources to support the transition to a low carbon economy and to meet the Mayor’s targets is clear, however, integrating these sources into district heating networks in practice will be challenging and require concerted action between a number of parties. Local and national government will have a role to play in supporting the development of low carbon heat projects, the prize being greater resource efficiency and effective carbon reduction over the long term. 17 Total London energy consumption figures based on the GLA Decentralised energy capacity study. GLA, 2011. 26PDF Image | LONDONS ZERO CARBON ENERGY RESOURCE Secondary Heat
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