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infrastructure changes were related to potential changed geometry of the target and/or the need to irradiate additional targets. The changes were based on whether there was a need for: new irradiation rigs, modifications to existing irradiation rigs or no changes at all. These three different needs made a significant difference in the cost of the infrastructure. In addition, the placement of the rigs made a difference, with rigs placed in the core of the reactor costing more than rigs placed “poolside”. Based on the value reported in an infrastructure case study and discussions with experts, the following table shows the costs per rig used to determine the values used for infrastructure changes in the irradiator. Table 3.1. Cost per rig for irradiator infrastructure changes New rig in core New rig poolside Rig modification in core Rig modification poolside EUR 1.09M EUR 395 000 EUR 50 000 EUR 5 000 These costs were applied to the irradiation facilities, with the final value varying depending on whether the facility had multiple rigs to modify or replace and the placement of the rigs within the reactor. In general, under the high infrastructure impact scenario the cost for new rigs was applied during the year of conversion; under the low infrastructure impact scenario the cost for modified rigs was applied. In some cases, it was determined that new rigs were always needed. Another important cost impact element was the reduced 99Mo irradiation capacity as each target produces less 99Mo. The key concern is that the operation and infrastructure costs are spread out over less overall production. This element was accounted for in the modelling by the use of the LUCM methodology. The expert working group also identified the cost of regulatory approvals (for using changed targets, from changed infrastructure, and/or from changing the number of target irradiations) as an important impact element. Input from the supply chain indicated that this cost element would be incorporated into processor LEU-target conversion project costs as the irradiator would charge these costs to the processor. As a result, it was modelled in the processor LUCM calculations (which will be discussed later). Finally, one irradiator indicated that a shutdown would be necessary to convert to using LEU targets. The LUCM modelling accounts for this facility-specific effect by removing production for that year; however, the modelling maintained operating costs at the facility during that year as the reactor would still have activities that would continue (such as staffing, security, etc). Cost impact elements affecting transportation between irradiators and processors The expert working group identified as important, cost impacts related to the containers used for transporting irradiated LEU targets from the irradiator to the processor. Specifically, these were costs for: • designing and developing new containers; • purchasing new containers; • modifying existing containers; and • the related regulatory approval costs. Processors indicated that they could likely modify their existing containers. However some processors indicated that they may also require additional containers to transport more irradiated targets (to counter the lower 235U content per target). Those processors provided a range of additional containers needed (2 to 12, depending on the processor). The range provided for these various container-related costs are provided in the following table. CHAPTER 3. COST IMPACTS OF LEU-TARGET CONVERSION MARKET IMPACTS OF CONVERTING TO LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM TARGETS FOR MEDICAL ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, ISBN 978-92-64-99197-2, © OECD 2012 41PDF Image | Market Impacts of Converting to Low-enriched Uranium Targets for Medical Isotope Production
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