PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 047
CHAPTER 3. COST IMPACTS OF LEU-TARGET CONVERSION from the radiopharmacy stage is less than 8%. The cost impacts upstream are higher however, reaching a cost increase of about 43% under the worst case situation for processors. The impact of these cost increase on the end payer will be discussed in the next section. Table 3.4. Percentage increase in costs resulting from LEU-target conversion Impact scenario Reference case without FCR Reference case with FCR High infrastructure Low infrastructure Full range % increase as a result of LEU-target conversion1 (% increase from reference case with FCR) Irradiator 32.8%2 16%3 26.8%3 3.6-36.8%3 Processor -- 4.5%2 20.7%3 26%3 6.3-42.8%3 Generator manufacturer -- 3.9%2 17.7%3 22.2%3 5.4-36.6%3 Radiopharmacy/nuclear medicine department -- 0.8%2 3.8%3 4.7%3 1.1-7.8%3 -- 1. Medians presented for all except “full range”. Values are meant to be illustrative of the situation and should not be construed as being the absolute true value in the market. 2. Percentage increase from reference case without FCR, thus increase necessary to move to FCR for operating costs. 3. Percentage increase from reference case with FCR, isolating the effects of the LEU-target conversion. An interesting result from the modelling presented in Tables 3.3 and 3.4 is that the cost impact under the high infrastructure impact scenario is actually less than the cost impact under the low infrastructure impact scenario. This may seem counterintuitive since the high infrastructure impact scenario includes higher infrastructure costs for the irradiator and the processor. However, as discussed in Section 3.2, an additional element of the scenario is that the high upfront infrastructure spending results in lower capacity impacts. This means that there is greater 99Mo production under the high infrastructure scenario, which allows the high costs to be spread out over more product, and results in an overall lower LUCM. Thus it appears beneficial for an individual facility to invest in optimal infrastructure during conversion in order to realise long-term savings from lower operating costs and higher production. Another interesting comparison is between the expected LUCM from a converted facility and the expected LUCM from new infrastructure. The previous NEA economic study presented the expected impacts from moving to full-cost recovery for various infrastructure scenarios. Table 3.5 presents the expected cost increase from the reference case without full-cost recovery scenario, duplicated from the economic study (Table 5.5, p. 83, of OECD/NEA, 2010). The values demonstrate that the impacts from moving to full- cost recovery under almost all capital replacement scenarios are expected to be larger than the impacts of LEU-target conversion. This means that LEU-based 99Mo from a converted facility (with full-cost recovery) may be less expensive than 99Mo from a new facility with full-cost recovery, depending on the infrastructure scenario. The values presented in Table 3.5 do not include the costs of converting to using LEU targets. It was indicated by the expert working group that in general new infrastructure should not face important cost differences from target conversion if it was still in very early stages of design. In this case, the irradiator and/or processor would be able to include the necessary adjustments in the design without imposing significant costs on the overall project. However, where a new project is already well advanced there will likely be a cost impact on a curie of 99Mo produced since the project may not be able to alter its design significantly (e.g. to make more irradiation space available). This means that the new project would produce less 99Mo with LEU targets compared to its originally planned quantity from HEU targets. MARKET IMPACTS OF CONVERTING TO LOW-ENRICHED URANIUM TARGETS FOR MEDICAL ISOTOPE PRODUCTION, ISBN 978-92-64-99197-2, © OECD 2012 45PDF Image | Market Impacts of Converting to Low-enriched Uranium Targets for Medical Isotope Production
PDF Search Title:
Market Impacts of Converting to Low-enriched Uranium Targets for Medical Isotope ProductionOriginal File Name Searched:
7129_leu.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |