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receiver at the focus of the parabola. The collectors track the sun from east to west during the day to ensure that the sun is continuously focused on the linear receiver. A heat transfer fluid (HTF) is heated as high as 393oC as it circulates through the receiver and returns to a series of heat exchangers in the power block, where the fluid is used to generate high-pressure superheated steam (100 bar, 371oC). The superheated steam is then fed to a conventional reheat Rankine steam turbine/generator to produce electricity. The spent steam from the turbine is condensed in a standard condenser and returned to the heat exchangers via condensate and feedwater pumps to be transformed back into steam. Condenser cooling is provided by mechanical draft wet cooling towers. After passing through the HTF side of the solar heat exchangers, the cooled HTF is recirculated through the solar field. The existing parabolic trough plants have been designed to use solar energy as the primary energy source to produce electricity. The plants can operate at full rated power using solar energy alone given sufficient solar input. During summer months, the plants typically operate for 10–12 hours a day on solar energy at full-rated electric output. Thermal storage can also be integrated into the plant design to allow solar energy to be stored and dispatched when power is required. This also allows the solar field to be oversized to allow the plant to generate power for more hours during the day. Thermal storage has been demonstrated commercially for solar field operating temperatures near 300oC at SEGS I. Thermal storage has not been demonstrated for plants operating at 393oC and is expected to be expensive. 2.3 Trough-ORC System Given the potential advantages that an ORC power plant could offer, we evaluated the performance of a 1-MWe trough power system based on current solar and ORC technologies. General design constraints included the use of dry cooling and the use of Caloria heat-transfer fluid to allow the integration of thermal storage for power generation during periods with no or low solar radiation. Economies-of-scale can be improved through the development of standardized designs and modular systems. Solar technology has the advantage that the solar field can be sized and designed to meet the requirements of the local solar resource while the power plant design remains unchanged. This reduces the initial design cost and allows for mass production of the power cycle components, specifically the turbine. The goal of the trough-ORC power system will be to create an automated and virtually unattended trough power plant. This concept blends two field-proven technologies into a new solar power system with potential markets in the United States for distributed power, off-grid or grid-connected, and for rural electrification applications in developing countries. 2.4 Scope of Work The current CSP cycle reflects the power-cycle technology that existed in the 1970s. The basic Rankine cycle using high-pressure steam is the cycle used for generating power. Even though the basic Rankine cycle is fundamentally the same, there have been several advances in component design and development that have resulted in more efficient turbines and condensers. During the past decade, some new thermodynamic cycles have been also developed that show a better resource utilization compared to the existing cycles. These new cycles, which use pure or mixed working fluids, have higher second-law efficiency and resource utilization factor. Therefore, it is the objective of this work to analyze the performance of new cycles and consider potential improvements that will result in higher cycle performance or resource utilization and lower cost of electricity generation. 4PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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