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The Sandia test data in Figure 20 indicates that the IST collector performs about 6% below the non-evacuated LS-2 collector at the average temperature needed for the ORC plant. The lower performance is due primarily to the lower concentration ratio of the IST collector and the high emittance of the black nickel selective coating. 4.2 Thermal Storage System The ORC solar resource temperature has been defined by the selection of Caloria as the heat transfer fluid to be used in the analysis. This fluid is a low-cost mineral oil that can be used as a cost-effective form of thermal storage. The upper temperature limit for Caloria is approximately 580°F (304°C). The same fluid was used at the SEGS I project in a two-tank thermal storage system and in a single-tank thermocline system at the Solar One power tower project. The SEGS I storage system had 3 hours of thermal storage capacity and operated on a daily basis for dispatching solar electric generation to the utility’s high energy demand period for 13 years. A fire destroyed the storage system in 1999 after an apparent double failure of the ullage system used to maintain a positive pressure in the storage tanks. Given the 13 years of successful operation, it seems likely that a design fix could resolve the concerns with this system. However, special care will be necessary to minimize the potential fire risk. A thermal-storage-system cost model for parabolic trough power plants has been developed (Nexant, Inc., 2000). The model was developed to evaluate thermal storage systems for large trough plants operating at higher temperatures. For this analysis, the Nexant cost model was modified to calculate the design and cost of two-tank Caloria thermal storage systems operating at the lower temperatures used in a trough-ORC system. Table 11 presents the sizes of thermal storage systems considered in this study and the cost and thermal heat losses from size storage system. Table 11. Thermal Storage System Cost and Thermal Losses Hours of Storage Storage Capacity (hrs) (MWht) 1 4.7 3 14.1 5 23.5 8 37.5 12 56.3 16 75.1 20 93.8 Storage Thermal Cost Losses ($/kWh) (kWt) 36 48 28 54 24 60 21 69 18 80 15 92 14 104 29PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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