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4.3 Operation and Maintenance The O&M costs for small power systems can be a significant contribution to the total cost of power. The MTPP has been designed to help minimize O&M costs. The ORC power cycle has been designed to use an above-atmospheric pressure condenser; the heat rejection system uses low maintenance dry cooling towers, and the turbine is a single-stage blade wheel. We assume that these plants will operate unattended with off-site electronic monitoring. This type of operation has been demonstrated for geothermal ORC plants. The plant is assumed to require only weekly on-site inspections. Based on the experience of IST and the SEGS plants (Cohen et al., 1999), the solar field maintenance requirements are fairly well understood. IST has operated all of its parabolic trough plants remotely. The O&M cost for the LS-2 and IST collectors averages about 1¢/kWh. Solar field O&M includes bi-monthly field inspections and preventive maintenance and a monthly mirror wash. Because the solar field will use non-evacuated receivers, receiver failures are significantly reduced and repairs will be simplified and only require putting a new glass shell on the tube. Because the plant includes thermal storage and only a few loops of collectors, automatic operation and temperature control of the solar field is greatly simplified. The only water required for the plant will be for mirror wash, fire protection, and on-site potable water for crews. Given the small size of the solar field, the wash crew can bring the water on-site for mirror washing, eliminating the need for an on-site water demineralizer. 5. Economic Feasibility Analysis A detailed analysis has been completed to assess the potential economic feasibility of MTPPs. NREL has developed an hourly performance simulation model capable of modeling the performance of parabolic trough solar power plants. This model has been validated against the actual steam Rankine cycle parabolic trough power plants and found to reproduce annual electric performance within a few percent. Using the ORC power cycle performance for the system developed by Barber-Nichols (Appendix C), NREL has modified the trough power plant model to predict the performance of a parabolic trough-ORC plant. 5.1 Baseline Trough-ORC System Design A nominally 1-MWe net parabolic trough-ORC power plant with thermal storage was modeled for this analysis. Table 12 highlights the key plant design assumptions. The baseline plant was modeled using the NREL Typical Meteorological Year Two data set for Barstow, California. This is the same region where all the SEGS steam Rankine trough power plants are located. The solar field is made up of LS-2 parabolic trough collectors with non-evacuated receivers. The mirror cleanliness is reduced to account for the reduced mirror washing frequency that would be typical of a distributed trough power plant. The capital cost assumptions include $200/m2 of collector area, thermal storage cost as shown in Table 11, and a power system cost of $1,700/kWe as estimated by Barber-Nichols. A 10-percent cost factor is added for project development, construction management, and general project contingency. The O&M cost was assumed to be 2.5¢/kWh. This is a fairly aggressive target; however, the plant has been designed to minimize O&M cost. Experience from geothermal plants has shown that they can operate unattended. Solar field experience is much the same. The key O&M costs are replacement receivers, flex hoses, and mirror washing. The non-evacuated 30PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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