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0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 Solar Multiple 0 5 10 15 20 Thermal Storage (hrs) 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 Figure 21. Annual plant capacity factor for 1-MWe trough-ORC plant in Barstow, California Figure 22 shows the annual solar-to-electric efficiency for the same analysis. The optimum annual efficiency occurs for a plant with a solar multiple of 2.2 and 12 hours of thermal storage. The impact of “dumped energy” is clearly seen for larger solar plants with small amounts of thermal storage. The impact of heat losses from thermal storage can also be seen on the plant with a solar multiple of 1.0. For this plant, the annual efficiency drops off with larger amounts of thermal storage due to the increasing thermal losses from storage. It is also interesting to note that the solar plants with larger solar multiples tend to be more efficient than the solar multiple of 1.0 case. This is due to several factors. First, even with no thermal storage, the power plant can operate at up to about 15% over design plant output. Since the solar conditions and the solar incidence angle are rarely at the design point where the solar multiple is calculated, the power plant can usually handle the full thermal output from a plant with a solar multiple of 1.2 or even larger. Thus, the efficiency of the plants with a solar multiple of 1.2 are better than the plant with a solar multiple of 1.0, because the turbine is generally operating at a higher average load, and offline parasitic loads are a smaller portion of the total. 35 Annual Capacity FactorPDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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