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9.0% 8.5% 8.0% 7.5% 7.0% 6.5% 6.0% Solar Multiple 0 5 10 15 20 Thermal Storage (hrs) 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 Figure 22. Annual solar to electric efficiency for 1-MWe trough-ORC plant in Barstow, California For the larger plants, the turbine continues to operate at higher loads, and parasitic losses are relatively smaller. This compensates for thermal energy dumped. The largest solar multiple of 3.0 dumps a significant amount of thermal energy even in the case with 20 hours of thermal storage. Figure 23 shows the fraction of annual solar field thermal energy that is dumped because storage is full and the power cycle is already at full load. Note that virtually no energy is dumped in the plants with the two smallest solar multiples. Figure 24 shows the minimum first-year energy price for each case that satisfies the financial requirements for equity return on investment and the debt DSCR. Here again the optimum is a different case than either the optimum output case or the optimum efficiency case. The plants with the lowest first-year energy costs are the plants with solar multiples of 2.6 and 3.0 with 12 hours of thermal storage. Although the plant with a solar multiple of 3.0 has a slightly lower first-year energy price requirement, we selected the plant configuration with a 2.6 solar multiple and 12 hours of thermal as the reference case because of its lower initial capital cost. Table 15 gives the reference design, performance, and financial structure for the reference case. 36 Solar-to-Elect Eff.PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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