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1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Figure 25. Influence of ambient temperatures on ORC electric output Because MTPP are likely to be located in hot clear climates where the solar resource is high, it is important to understand the impact of ambient temperature on the annual plant performance. In order to understand this impact, three plant sites were selected for analysis that had similar levels of annual solar resource, but different ambient temperatures. The three sites included Phoenix, Arizona; Prescott, Arizona; and Alamosa, Colorado. Each site has an annual solar resource of approximately 6.9 kWe/m2-yr. The average ambient temperature ranges from 22.5°C in Phoenix to 4.9°C in Alamosa. The results of the analysis are shown in Table 16 below. Although the ambient temperature is lowest in Alamosa and highest in Phoenix, the annual solar performance is actually best in Phoenix and worst in Alamosa. This, however, is due to the latitude of the locations. The latitude of the plant significantly affects the annual collector optical efficiency. The colder ambient temperatures also increase the thermal losses from the plant, as shown by the collector thermal efficiency. The colder ambient temperatures do improve the power cycle efficiency. When the collector thermal efficiency and power cycle efficiencies are accounted for, the site ambient temperature effect results in a 5% efficiency improvement at Alamosa over the plant in Phoenix. Table 16. Influence of Ambient Temperature on Annual Performance 0 10 20 30 40 50 Ambient Temperature (C) Location Direct Normal Insolation (kWh/m2/yr) Average Ambient Temperature (°C) Latitude (° North) Annual Performance Solar to Electric Efficiency (%) Collector Optical Efficiency (%) Collector Thermal Efficiency(%) PB Therm. to Elec. Efficiency (%) Lower Ambient Temperature Benefit Phoenix, AZ 6.90 22.5 33.4° 8.1% 56.8 85.0 20.2 Prescott, AZ 6.95 12.9 34.6° 8.0% Alamosa, CO 6.93 4.9 37.4° 7.8% 54.9 52.8 83.7 82.5 21.2 21.9 --- 3% 5% 39 ORC Power Correction FactorPDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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