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Overview of Kalina Cycle System 33 This system comprises two sub-cycles, one steam, one water-ammonia. They are connected by two heat exchangers, in each of which steam is condensed by giving up heat to a water-ammonia mixture. In the steam sub-cycle, subcooled water is pumped from point #47 to point #50 and enters an HRSG where it acquires heat from some of the hot oil. Superheated, it is expanded in a turbine, and expanded to an intermediate pressure. All of the liquid contained in the turbine extraction, and some of the vapor, is sent into heat exchanger HE-6 via a separator, where it is condensed while bringing a water-ammonia mixture to its dew point. The remaining saturated vapor steam is sent into the low-pressure turbine, expanded, and then the exhaust is condensed while being used to partially boil the water-ammonia mixture in heat exchanger HE-7. The two streams of condensed steam are mixed after the lower-pressure stream is pumped to the higher pressure, producing a subcooled liquid stream at point #47, closing the steam sub-cycle. Note that the steam sub-cycle acquires only external heat, and is condensed recuperatively by the water-ammonia sub-cycle. The water-ammonia is condensed by a cooling medium (typically air or water) in final condenser HE-1, at whatever pressure is required for condensation of the chosen composition at the temperature dictated by the cooling medium. The water-ammonia mixture is then pumped to high pressure, and preheated to its boiling point recuperatively in heat exchanger HE-2. There is additional heat available in the turbine exhaust, and it is used in heat exchanger HE-3 to partially boil the water-ammonia mixture. The water-ammonia mixture is partially boiled in the first steam condenser, and brought to its dew point at the exit of the second steam condenser. The saturated vapor is then superheated by some of the hot oil in the superheater, and admitted to the water-ammonia turbine where it is expanded. It is still superheated vapor at the turbine exit. The turbine exhaust is partially condensed in heat exchangers HE-3 and HE-2, preheating and partially boiling the upcoming high-pressure water-ammonia stream. It enters the final condenser HE-1 and is condensed. In heat exchanger HE-3, there is a pinch point, a minimum in the temperature difference between the hot and cold streams. It is point #37 the dew point of the turbine exhaust. Above that we have superheated vapor; below that we have a condensing stream. The composition of the water- ammonia mixture is chosen to meet a specified temperature at the pinch point. Note that although approximately 75% of the external heat acquisition occurs in the steam boiler, approximately 65% of the power is generated in the water-ammonia turbine. The primary purpose of the steam sub-cycle is to transfer heat to the water-ammonia; the primary purpose of the water-ammonia sub-cycle is to generate power. A-3PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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