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A STORES plant must optimize the cost of increased storage against the efficiency gained when Tcold is increased. The price of heat transfer fluids has been climbing as the price of oil has risen, shifting the economic choice toward a higher temperature differential and lower storage. Should the cost of HTF continue to rise, there may be room for creating heat capacity using rocks as was done in Solar One. Integration Between Solar and Power Plants Unlike power plants without storage, the addition of storage allows a de-coupling of solar energy collection from power production. Solar power is collected whenever it is available. The passing of a cloud does temporarily reduce the energy collected, but it does not immediately reduce the production of power. Heat is drawn from the storage tank to make electricity. The heat is drawn whenever there is a demand for electricity, as long as there is energy left in the storage tank. The segregation caused by storage means that there is no longer a need to integrate closely the designs of the two systems. Land Requirements The land requirements for SEGS VI are 162 acres for 188,000 square meters of HCA aperture. These requirements would be in approximately the same relationship for similar insolation levels. The land required by the STORES plant would be about 55 acres. Potential For Efficiency Gains The study showed that by careful selection of the field and cycle arrangements, significant gains in efficiency are possible. However, the Carnot Cycle efficiency (1-T2/T1) for a working fluid between a high temperature of 550°F and 120°F is over 42%. An examination of the Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram for the Cascade Cycle shows several potential areas for improvement. Each tier could be improved by using a recuperator. A third tier may be feasible. While this study considered only dry cooling, should the price of water allow, combination wet- dry cooling towers may be able to reduce the temperature differential to the heat sink during summer months; a hyperbolic induced-draft cooling tower could eliminate the excessive pumping costs. While these enhancements were beyond the scope of this study, they should be considered in the design of a STORES Power Plant. Another potential efficiency gain would result if the HTF high temperature is raised to 580°F rather than 560°F. SEGS I operated its HTF tank at 580°F and even higher. The Carnot ideal efficiency goes from 42.5% to 43.6% when the working fluid temperature correspondingly goes from 550°F to 570°F. Furthermore, by taking advantage of lower ambient temperatures in the evening and in winter, efficiency gains may be achieved. B-15PDF Image | Modular Trough Power Plant Cycle and Systems Analysis
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